Asymmetry core effects in multimode fibers for space-division multiplexing

Shuo Chen; Yuanyuan Liu; Yuanyuan Liu; Zhen Jin; Huiping Tian

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.431198

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 38,
Issue 11,
pp. 3309-3318
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.431198

Asymmetry core effects in multimode fibers for space-division multiplexing

Shuo Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Zhen Jin, and Huiping Tian

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Shuo Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Zhen Jin, and Huiping Tian, "Asymmetry core effects in multimode fibers for space-division multiplexing," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, 3309-3318 (2021)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 11, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: September 9, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: September 21, 2021
- Published: October 18, 2021

Abstract

Here we report a detailed numerical investigation into the effects of asymmetric cores on the modal properties in multimode fibers (MMFs). Three asymmetric core shapes combine with three core structures, respectively, forming nine kinds of common asymmetric cores in our simulation. The discussed modal properties include mode number, birefringence, effective index, power confinement factor, fiber loss, effective mode area, and differential mode delay. An evaluation factor called mode-NSD is proposed to integratedly judge the nonlinearity and compatibility ability in the MMF. Finally, the manufacturing tolerance with the size variation up to 5% is also discussed for practical needs. These numerical results are beneficial for the comprehensive assessment of the space-division-multiplexing optical fibers with asymmetric cores.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Parameter	$a_{x}$	$a_{y}$	$T$	$d$
Value	16.82 µm	5.74 µm	1.90 µm	1.90 µm
Parameter	$Λ$	$θ_{1}$	$θ_{2}$	—
Value	2.00 µm	38 deg	20 deg	—

	Elliptical Core Shape		Rectangular Core Shape		Rhombic Core Shape
Core Structure	$N_{m o d e}$	$N_{b}$	$N_{m o d e}$	$N_{b}$	$N_{m o d e}$	$N_{b}$
Solid core structure	28	7	36	8	20	0
Ring core structure	23	5	26	2	17	0
Ring-like arranged strongly coupled multicore structure	20	0	22	2	18	0

		Elliptical Core Shape	Rectangular Core Shape	Rhombic Core Shape
Solid core structure	${D M D}_{max}$	72.85	73.57	70.99
	${D M D}_{a v g}$ vs. ${L P}_{01}$	35.08	38.82	19.64
	${D M D}_{r m s}$	19.23	20.12	15.30
Ring core structure	${D M D}_{max}$	57.63	72.70	48.59
	${D M D}_{a v g}$ versus ${L P}_{01}$	29.33	34.50	22.31
	${D M D}_{r m s}$	17.67	21.71	11.21
Ring-like arranged	${D M D}_{max}$	54.06	55.63	35.39
strongly coupled multicore structure	${D M D}_{a v g}$ versus ${L P}_{01}$	28.40	28.12	18.31
	${D M D}_{r m s}$	15.33	32.57	10.54

	Keeping the Core Structure			Keeping the Core Shape
	Rectangular Core Shape	Elliptical Core Shape	Rhombic Core Shape	Solid Core Structure	Ring Core Structure	Ring-like Arranged Strongly Coupled Multicore Structure
Guided mode number	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low
Effective index, $n_{e f f}$	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low
Power confinement factor, $Γ_{c o r e}$	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low
Intrinsic loss, $α_{i n}$	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low
Effective mode area, $A_{e f f}$	Large	Medium	Small	Small	Medium	Large
DMD	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low

	ES	RS	RhS	ER	RR	RhR	ESC	RSC	RhSC
−5%	−4	−4	−6	−3	−2	−3	−2	−	−2
−2.5%	−	−2	−	−3	−	−3	−	−	−
−1%	−	−2	−	−2	−	−1	−	−	−
1%	−		−	1	−	1	−	−	−
2.5%	−	$+ 2$	−	1	−	1	−	2	−
5%	$+ 2$	$+ 2$	−	1	2	1	−	4	−

	ES	RS	RhS	ER	RR	RhR	ESC	RSC	RhSC
$\pm 1 %$	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.03 / -$	$\pm 0.11 / \pm 0 .02$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	$\pm 0.06 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.01 / \pm 0 .02$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$
$\pm 2 .5 %$	$\pm 0.07 / -$	$\pm 0.04 / -$	$\pm 0.10 / -$	$\pm 0.16 / \pm 0 .02$	$\pm 0.04 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.23 / -$	$\pm 0.07 / \pm 0 .03$	$\pm 0.05 / \pm 0 .04$	$\pm 0.06 / \pm 0 .10$
$\pm 5 %$	$\pm 0.09 / -$	$\pm 0.06 / -$	$\pm 0.23 / -$	$\pm 0.13 / \pm 0 .03$	$\pm 0.18 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.20 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.08 / \pm 0 .05$	$\pm 0.22 / \pm 0 .16$	$\pm 0.09 / \pm 0 .11$

	ES	RS	RhS	ER	RR	RhR	ESC	RSC	RhSC
$\pm 1 %$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	−/−	$\pm 0.01 / -$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	−/−	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	−/−	−/−
$\pm 2 .5 %$	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	$\pm 0.05 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.01 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.01 / \pm 0 .02$
$\pm 5 %$	$\pm 0.02 / -$	$\pm 0.01 / -$	$\pm 0.06 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.04 / -$	$\pm 0.05 / -$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .01$	$\pm 0.05 / \pm 0 .04$	$\pm 0.02 / \pm 0 .03$

	ES	RS	RhS	ER	RR	RhR	ESC	RSC	RhSC
$\pm 1 %$	$\pm 0.53 / \pm 3 .17$	$\pm 0.99 / \pm 1.24$	$\pm 0.27 / \pm 2.60$	$\pm 0.39 / \pm 20.68$	$\pm 0.50 / \pm 16.30$	$\pm 0.27 / \pm 22.24$	$\pm 0.18 / \pm 0.63$	$\pm 0.83 / \pm 1.10$	$\pm 0.13 / \pm 0.89$
$\pm 2.5 %$	$\pm 1.36 / \pm 11.54$	$\pm 2.49 / \pm 13.77$	$\pm 0.67 / \pm 12.04$	$\pm 0.96 / \pm 28.01$	$\pm 1.24 / \pm 0.88$	$\pm 0.68 / \pm 37.11$	$\pm 0.46 / \pm 3.58$	$\pm 2.32 / \pm 2.97$	$\pm 0.35 / \pm 4.26$
$\pm 5 %$	$\pm 2.74 / \pm 15.49$	$\pm 5.04 / \pm 0.75$	$\pm 1.38 / \pm 10.89$	$\pm 1.91 / \pm 28.49$	$\pm 2.50 / \pm 13.62$	$\pm 1.40 / \pm 36.77$	$\pm 0.98 / \pm 3.01$	$\pm 5.69 / \pm 6.96$	$\pm 0.76 / \pm 2.88$

	ES	RS	RhS	ER	RR	RhR	ESC	RSC	RhSC
$\pm 1 %$	$\pm 2 .90$	$\pm 2 .26$	$\pm 4 .04$	$\pm 2 .10$	$\pm 0 .05$	$\pm 9 .11$	$\pm 0 .50$	$\pm 0 .35$	$\pm 1 .31$
$\pm 2 .5 %$	$\pm 3 .10$	$\pm 5 .07$	$\pm 10.83 -$	$\pm 3 .10$	$\pm 0 .09$	$\pm 9 .43$	$\pm 1 .40$	$\pm 8 .24$	$\pm 2 .76$
$\pm 5 %$	$\pm 6 .20$	$\pm 7 .59$	$\pm 33 .33$	$\pm 3 .17$	$\pm 0 .75$	$\pm 10 .59$	$\pm 3 .43$	$\pm 12 .82$	$\pm 6 .22$

Abstract

Data Availability

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Tables (9)

Equations (5)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B