Abstract

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical fiber plasmonic sensor based on a tapered coreless fiber (TCF) coating with rolled-up hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) is proposed and theoretically studied. The HMMs are composed mainly of ${\rm Ag}/{{\rm TiO}_2}$ multi-layer composite materials. We can effectively control the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelengths by adjusting the ratio of metal in two-layer ($R$), the number ($N$), and thickness ($T$) of two-layer on the HMMs. Spectral quality can be improved by changing the core diameter of TCF. According to the effective medium theory and finite element method, HMMs of $R = {0.3}$, $T = {30}\;{\rm nm}$, $N = {3}$, and $D = {20}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}$ can provide an average sensitivity of 9127.86 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) in an external refractive index (ERI) of 1.33–1.40 and have a depth of SPR dip figure of merit of ${65.32}\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$, which is an order of magnitude higher than 50 nm silver, for an ERI of 1.34–1.35. Also, the optical fiber plasmonic sensor integrated with roll-up HMMs shows performance superior to normal HMMs, thus providing certain guidance for future research.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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