Design of a multiband graphene-based absorber for terahertz applications using different geometric shapes

Patri Upender; Amarjit Kumar; Amarjit Kumar

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.440757

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 1,
pp. 188-199
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.440757

Design of a multiband graphene-based absorber for terahertz applications using different geometric shapes

Patri Upender and Amarjit Kumar

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Patri Upender and Amarjit Kumar, "Design of a multiband graphene-based absorber for terahertz applications using different geometric shapes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 188-199 (2022)

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Abstract

By integrating multiple graphene-based geometric shapes, a unique absorber is proposed in this research, which achieves absorption peaks at 10 resonant frequencies, with an average absorption rate of 97.23% at terahertz frequency. The proposed structure consists of circular, triangular, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal ring-shaped absorbers to achieve multiband absorption. The proposed absorber is polarization-insensitive and has a wide incidence angle tolerance. Furthermore, increasing the graphene chemical potential value increases absorption while also tuning the resonance frequency. Additionally, this proposed configuration provides ultrawideband response at first band, with an absorption bandwidth percentage of 88.52. Two graphene-based absorbers are designed: one with geometric shapes that are in contact with one another and the other with geometric shapes that are not in contact with one another. Several investigations are exhibited on these two models to find the perfect combination of absorbers. The unique feature of this research is its novel, to the best of our knowledge, design and modeling, which provide absorption peaks at 10 resonant frequencies and also tuning of resonant frequency. All of these characteristics and findings distinguish the proposed multiband graphene-based absorber, which is well suited for terahertz applications.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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$r_{in}$	$r_{out}$	$R_{1}$	$R_{2}$	$R_{3}$	$R_{4}$	$L_{n 1}$	L	W
21	23	25	30	35	40	80	80	80
$W_{n}$	$L_{n}$	$R_{o}$	$L_{n2}$	$L_{n3}$	$L_{n4}$	$L_{n5}$	$L_{1}$	$L_{2}$
80	80	20	37	38	39	40	43	42
$L_{3}$	$L_{4}$	$R_{o1}$	$R_{o2}$	$R_{o3}$	$R_{04}$	$R_{o5}$	t	$t_{s}$
41	40	22	24	30	35	40	2	18

Shape of Absorber	Percentage of Absorption and Its Resonant Frequency (THz)	Number of Peaks $> 90 %$ Absorption
Circular ring	67.2 at 7.34 THz	0
Triangular ring	88.2 at 2.95 THz	0
Square ring	99.8 and 98.5 at 1.81 and 2.505 THz	2
Pentagonal ring	97.8 and 98.4 at 1.24 and 2.4 THz	2
Hexagonal ring	98.5 and 99.7 at 0.75 and 6.18 THz.	2

Shape of Absorber	Percentage of Absorption and Its Resonant Frequency (THz)	Number of Peaks $> 90 %$ Absorption
H-P	94.2, 99.07 and 99.9 at 2.24, 6.23 and 8.09 THz	3
C-T-S	99.6, 93.9 and 98.5 at 2.71, 3.35 and 7.09 THz	3
H-P-C	99.5, 98.2, 96.5, 95.8 and 99 at 3.82, 6.21, 7.05, 7.71 and 8.07 THz.	5
H-P-S	99.8 and 90.55 and 100 at 2.24, 6.25 and 8.36 THz	3

Shape of Absorber	Percentage of Absorption and Its Resonant Frequency (THz)	Number of Peaks $> 90 %$ Absorption
Without circular ring	99.3, 98.1, 91.5, 91.46 and 99.79 % at 2.23, 6.23, 7.71, 8.12 and 8.37 THz.	5
Without triangular ring	98.4, 97.8, 99.15, 98, 99.8, 96.5 and 99.5 % at 2.25, 2.83, 3.82, 6.23, 7.09, 7.73 and 8.29 THz.	7
Without square ring	99.7, 95.3, 95.8, 97.9, 99.8, 97 and 92.4% at 2.09, 2.78, 3.75, 6.22, 7.07, 7.5 and 7.65 THz	7
Without pentagonal ring	98.1, 94.01, 94.3, 100, 93.7, 97.7 and 99.9% at 0.78, 1.53 2.32, 3.19, 6.21, 7.1 and 7.75 THz	7
Without hexagonal ring	99.4, 91.5, 99.8 and 95% at 3.49, 6.2, 7.1 and 7.96 THz	4
With all shapes of absorbers	99.5, 98.8, 98.9, 94 and 99% at 3.71, 6.2, 7.1, 7.65 and 8.4 THz	5

Shape of Absorber	Percentage of Absorption and Its Resonant Frequency (THz)	Number of Peaks $> 90 %$ Absorption
H-P	95.8%, 96%, 97.6% and 98.6% at 0.78, 2.26, 6.22 and 8.11 THz	4
C-T-S	96.6, 97.2 and 95.03% at 1.82, 2.87 and 3.34 THz	3
H-P-C	95.6, 95.5, 95.2, 90.7, 91.4 and 99.3% at 0.81, 2.26, 6.19, 7.4, 7.52 and 7.8 THz	6
H-P-S	95.6, 97.7, 98.34, 92.1, 98.4 and 99.7% with 0.79, 2.31, 2.96, 6.2, 6.9 and 8.3 THz with	6

Configuration	Number of Absorption Peaks Using Model I Configurations	Number of Absorption Peaks Using Model II Configurations
Without circular ring absorber	Five absorption peaks at 2.23, 6.23, 7.71, 8.12, and 8.37 THz with absorption rates of 99.3%, 98.1%, 91.5%, 91.46%, and 99.79%	Seven absorption peaks at 0.77, 2.63, 3.66, 6.22, 7.11, 8.08, and 8.24 THz with absorption rates of 96%, 99.4%, 95.5%, 99.5%, 99.7%, 94.7%, and 99.7%
Without triangular ring absorber	Seven absorption peaks at 2.25, 2.83, 3.82, 6.23, 7.09, 7.73, and 8.29 THz with absorption rates of 98.4%, 97.8%, 99.15, 98%, 99.8 %, 96.5 %, and 99.5 %	Eight absorption peaks at 0.79, 2.29, 2.95, 6.11, 7.51, 7.7, 8.04, and 8.28 THz with absorption rates of 86.17%, 98.38%, 94.8%, 99.12%, 98.11%, 91.3%, 96.9%, and 98.8%
Without square ring absorber	Seven absorption peaks at 2.09, 2.78, 3.75, 6.22, 7.07, 7.5, and 7.65 THz with absorption rates of 99.7%, 95.3%, 95.8%, 97.9%, 99.8, 97%, and 92.4%	Eight absorption peaks at 0.79, 2.66, 3.5, 6.19, 7, 7.53, 7.8, and 7.97 THz with absorption rates of 96%, 97.82%, 100%, 99.46%, 92.6%, 93%, 98.8%, and 100%
Without pentagonal ring absorber	Seven absorption peaks at 0.78, 1.53 2.32, 3.19, 6.21, 7.1, and 7.75 THz with absorption rates of 98.1%, 94.01%, 94.3%, 100%, 93.7%, 97.7%, and 99.9%	Eight absorption peaks at 0.75, 1.7, 2.63, 3.48, 6.17, 7.41, 7.5, and 7.86 with absorption rates of 98.16%, 98.12%, 98.33%, 99.42%, 94.8%, 91.22%, 97.09%, and 99.95%
Without hexagonal ring absorber	Four absorption peaks at 3.49, 6.2, 7.1, and 7.96 THz with absorption rates of 99.4%, 91.5%, 99.8%, and 95%	Six absorption peaks at 1.48, 2.9, 3.42, 6, 7.48, and 7.9 THz with absorption rates of 100%, 99.5%, 98.78%, 94.1%, 90.2%, and 98.7%
With all the absorbers	Four absorption peaks at 3.72, 6.23, 7.12, and 8.39 THz with absorption rates of 99.4%, 99.1%, 99.1%, and 99.09%.	Ten absorption peaks at 0.79, 2.6, 3.6, 5.97, 6.2, 7.1, 7.52, 7.68, 8.03, and 8.24 THz with absorption rates of 96.2%, 99.4%, 98.7%, 92.6%, 100%, 92.2%, 98.7%, 94.6%, 100%, and 100%

Refs. No.	Method	No. of Absorption Peaks	Frequency (THz)	Absorption Rate (%)	Incidence Angle ( $θ$ )	Polarization Insensitive
[18]	MM	Six	0.72, 1.62, 2.28, 2.98, 3.41, and 4.27 THz	average absorption, 97%	—	No
[19]	MM	Two	3.8 and 7.36 THz	99.3 and 99.9	No	Yes
[20]	MM	Five	0.2809, 0.415, 0.5437, 0.6373, 0.9217 THz	98.20%, 98.45%, 99.38%, 99.43%, and 79.26%	Up to 60°	No
[21]	MM	Three	0.88, 1.94, and 2.63 THz	99%, 98%, and 99%	No	No
[22]	Graphite	Three	2.06, 2.8, and 3.47 THz	95.2, 93, and 84%	60°	Yes
[23]	MM	Two	0.45 and 0.92 THz	99.9% and 99.9%	No	No
[24]	MM	Two	1.8 and 2.26 THz	99.8% and 99.6%	30°	No
[25]	MM	Five	0.919, 1.58, 2.20, 2.67, and 3.33 THz	> 98% at all bands	No	No
[26]	MM	Five	148.9, 179.8, 213.1, 269.8, and 287.2 THz	98.90%, 99.39%, 86.46%, 92.80%, and 97.96%	60°	Yes
[27]	MM	Three	1.605, 4.425, and 4.946 THz	near 100%	45°	Yes
This absorber	Graphene	Ten	0.79, 2.6, 3.6, 5.97, 6.2, 7.1, 7.52, 7.68, 8.03, and 8.24 THz	96.2%, 99.4%, 98.7%, 92.6%, 100%, 92.2%, 98.7%, 94.6%, 100%, and 100%	60°	Yes

Abstract

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Tables (7)

Equations (3)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B