Motion modeling and blurred image simulation of the star tracker used for deep-space missions

Honglin Yuan; Ke Lu; Qingshan Liu

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.465557

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 11,
pp. 2934-2943
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.465557

Motion modeling and blurred image simulation of the star tracker used for deep-space missions

Honglin Yuan, Ke Lu, and Qingshan Liu

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Honglin Yuan, Ke Lu, and Qingshan Liu, "Motion modeling and blurred image simulation of the star tracker used for deep-space missions," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 2934-2943 (2022)

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Abstract

The star tracker is the most accurate attitude measurement device among different types of attitude measurement devices. It is based on captured star images to extract star centroids and then determine attitude. However, images taken by the star tracker under dynamic conditions are often blurred, which limits its dynamic performance. In this paper, we first classify and model motions of the star tracker under dynamic conditions, including rotations and angular vibrations. Then, a motion kernel consisting of three individual descriptors (trajectory, intensity, and point spread function) is proposed to model the motion blurring process and simulate blurred images. Experimental results show that our approach can model a wide variety of blurs including uniform and non-uniform blurs, and it can provide extremely realistic blurred images. These findings are crucial to the subsequent centroid extraction of stars and the dynamic performance of the star tracker.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Star Trackers	Focal Length	FOV	Frame	Exposure Time
Mariner10 TV camera [18]	1500 mm	${0.37}^{\circ} \times {0.48}^{\circ}$	$700 \times 832$	3 ms–12 s
Cassini NAC [19]	2000 mm	${0.35}^{\circ} \times {0.35}^{\circ}$	$1024 \times 1024$	5 ms–1200 s
Rosetta OSIRIS [12]	717.4 mm	${2.20}^{\circ} \times {2.22}^{\circ}$	$2048 \times 2048$	10 ms–5 s
MESSENGER MDIS [22]	550 mm	${1.50}^{\circ} \times {1.50}^{\circ}$	$1024 \times 1024$	1 ms–10 s
HiRAIS [20,21]^a	5700 mm	${1.2}^{\circ} \times {1.2}^{\circ}$	$4500 \times 1966$	1000 ms–60 s

	Extraction Errors (Pixel) of Star Spots
Stars	Wang [14]	Wang [42]	Ours
star1	(0.512,0.493)	(0.564,0.442)	(0.501, 0.432)
star2	(0.408,0.321)	(0.423, 0.350)	(0.364,0.301)
star3	(0.322,0.412)	(0.401,0.405)	(0.303,0.341)
star4	(0.254,0.197)	(0.243,0.188)	(0.201,0.153)
star5	(0.394,0.330)	(0.391,0.322)	(0.363,0.272)
star6	(0.475,0.442)	(0.478,0.461)	(0.401,0.388)
star7	(0.129,0.119)	(0.110,0.105)	(0.097,0.081)

	Extraction Errors (Pixel) of Star Spots
Stars	Wang [14]	Wang [42]	Ours
star1	(0.712,0.893)	(0.693,0.851)	(0.571,0.682)
star2	(0.808,0.791)	(0.811,0.795)	(0.631,0.648)
star3	(0.564,0.407)	(0.501,0.393)	(0.362,0.283)
star4	(0.621,0.599)	(0.622,0.604)	(0.434,0.408)
star5	(0.374,0.340)	(0.371,0.335)	(0.203,0.207)
star6	(0.475,0.511)	(0.412,0.489)	(0.286,0.201)
star7	(0.316,0.379)	(0.309,0.366)	(0.178,0.112)

Star Trackers	Focal Length	FOV	Frame	Exposure Time
Mariner10 TV camera [18]	1500 mm	${0.37}^{\circ} \times {0.48}^{\circ}$	$700 \times 832$	3 ms–12 s
Cassini NAC [19]	2000 mm	${0.35}^{\circ} \times {0.35}^{\circ}$	$1024 \times 1024$	5 ms–1200 s
Rosetta OSIRIS [12]	717.4 mm	${2.20}^{\circ} \times {2.22}^{\circ}$	$2048 \times 2048$	10 ms–5 s
MESSENGER MDIS [22]	550 mm	${1.50}^{\circ} \times {1.50}^{\circ}$	$1024 \times 1024$	1 ms–10 s
HiRAIS [20,21]^a	5700 mm	${1.2}^{\circ} \times {1.2}^{\circ}$	$4500 \times 1966$	1000 ms–60 s

	Extraction Errors (Pixel) of Star Spots
Stars	Wang [14]	Wang [42]	Ours
star1	(0.512,0.493)	(0.564,0.442)	(0.501, 0.432)
star2	(0.408,0.321)	(0.423, 0.350)	(0.364,0.301)
star3	(0.322,0.412)	(0.401,0.405)	(0.303,0.341)
star4	(0.254,0.197)	(0.243,0.188)	(0.201,0.153)
star5	(0.394,0.330)	(0.391,0.322)	(0.363,0.272)
star6	(0.475,0.442)	(0.478,0.461)	(0.401,0.388)
star7	(0.129,0.119)	(0.110,0.105)	(0.097,0.081)

Abstract

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Equations (22)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B