Review of ultrafast fiber oscillators based on Mamyshev and dissipative soliton resonance mechanisms

Witold Stepien; John R. Marciante

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.444957

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 3,
pp. 626-633
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.444957

Review of ultrafast fiber oscillators based on Mamyshev and dissipative soliton resonance mechanisms

Witold Stepien and John R. Marciante

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Witold Stepien and John R. Marciante, "Review of ultrafast fiber oscillators based on Mamyshev and dissipative soliton resonance mechanisms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 626-633 (2022)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 5, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: January 5, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: January 6, 2022
- Published: February 4, 2022

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Abstract

This work presents a comparative review of two classes of advanced, ultrafast, fiber lasers: dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) oscillators and Mamyshev oscillators. These two classes have received significant attention in recent years and have arguably the highest potential among new ultrafast fiber oscillators, which motivated this work. Working principles are carefully described, and the mechanisms used to mitigate or exploit nonlinearity are highlighted and discussed. An analysis of existing laser systems based on the two classes is performed, with focus on pulse duration, energy, and peak power. Examples of both classes based on ytterbium-, erbium-, and thulium-doped fibers are presented. It is found that the DSR laser generally achieves higher pulse energies than the Mamyshev oscillator, but the latter results in shorter pulse durations. Finally, it is concluded that Mamyshev oscillators perform better in terms of peak power and stability since they do not rely on suppressing nonlinearity. Suggestions for further improvements are made.

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Reference # and Oscillator Type	Central Wavelength	Pulse Duration	Pulse Energy	Repetition Rate	Average Power	Peak Power	Laser Type
Yb-Doped Fiber Lasers
[17] DSR	1060 nm	63 ps	2.96 nJ	13.4 MHz	40 mW	44 W^a	All-fiber
	1060 nm	760 fs	0.6 nJ^a	13.4 MHz	8 mW^a	390 W^a	All-fiber
[45] MO	1025 nm	–	1.12 µJ	8 MHz 16.8 MHz	9 W	–	Hybrid
	1025 nm	41 fs	896 nJ^a		7.2 W^a	13 MW	Hybrid
[57] MO	1060 nm^a	$\sim 4 p s$ ^a^b	47 nJ		789.6 mW	$\sim 11.75 k W$ ^a^b	Hybrid
	1060 nm^a	35 fs	32.9 nJ^a^b		552.7 mW^a	1 MW	Hybrid
[57] MO	1060 nm^a	$\sim 4 p s$ ^a^b	21 nJ	16.1 MHz	338.1 mW	$\sim 5.25 k W$ ^a^b	Hybrid
	1060 nm^a	65 fs	14.7 nJ^a^b	16.1 MHz	236.7 mW^a	240 kW^a	Hybrid
[47] MO	1080 nm	4 ps	190 nJ	17 MHz	3.23 W^a	44.65 kW^a	Hybrid
	1080 nm	35 fs	142.5 nJ	17 MHz	2.42 W^a	3 MW	Hybrid
[62] MO	1100 nm^a	20.1 ps	83.5 nJ	9.43 MHz	787.3 mW	4.15 kW^a	All-fiber
	1100 nm^a	56 fs	64.4 nJ^a	9.43 MHz	607.3 mW^a	1.15 MW	All-fiber
[63] DSR	1040 nm	1.38 ns	19.8 nJ	2.59 MHz	51.4 mW	14 W	All-fiber
[64] DSR	1064.9 nm	60.8 ns	159.4 nJ	927 kHz	147.8 mW	2.62 W^a	All-fiber
[59] MO	1080 nm^a	5 ps	625 nJ	12.8 MHz	8 W	82 kW^a	Hybrid
	1080 nm^a	44 fs	375 nJ^a	12.8 MHz	4.8 W	5.6 MW	Hybrid
Er- and Er:Yb-Doped Fiber Lasers
[20] DSR	1565 nm	416 ns	10 µJ	133 kHz	1.333 W	22.6 W	All-fiber
[65] DSR	1583 nm	18.5 ns	281.2 nJ	1.225 MHz	344.5 mW	30 W	All-fiber
[21] DSR	1563 nm	100 ps	135 nJ	8.69 MHz	1.176 W	700 W	All-fiber
[66] DSR	1565 nm	4.35 ns	199 nJ	4.6 MHz	0.915 W	42.9 W	All-fiber
[66] DSR	1565 nm	92 ns	1.01 µJ	1 MHz	1.005 W	10.4 W	All-fiber
[49] MO	1550 nm	12 ps	21.3 nJ	8.93 MHz	190 mW	1.67 kW	All-fiber
	1550 nm	108 fs	10.7 nJ^b	8.93 MHz	95 mW^a	93.1 kW^a	All-fiber
[67] DSR	1564 nm	46.5 ns	53.39 nJ	1.386 MHz	73.95 mW	1.15 W	All-fiber
[33] DSR	1566 nm	2.15 ns	500 nJ?	5.731 MHz	3.2 W	232 W?	All-fiber
[55] MO	1560 nm^a	573 fs^a	18 nJ	3.18 MHz	56 mW	$\sim 31.4 k W$ ^a	All-fiber
[51] MO	1555 nm^b	$\sim 5 - 6 p s$ ^b	31.3 nJ	7.35 MHz	230 mW^a	$\sim 5 - 6 k W$ ^b	Hybrid
	1555 nm^b	93 fs	15.65 nJ^a	7.35 MHz	115 mW^a	126 kW	Hybrid
Tm- and Tm:Ho-Doped Fiber Lasers
[50] MO	1965 nm	3.63 ps	3.55 nJ^b	15.03 MHz	53.4 mW	919 W	Hybrid
		208 fs	0.816 nJ	15.03 MHz	12.26 mW	3.688 kW	Hybrid
[25] DSR	1962 nm	13.5 ns	27.5 nJ	1.59 MHz	43.7 mW	2 W	All-fiber
[68] MO	1967 nm	3.77 ps	6.4 nJ	16 MHz	102.4 mW	1.596 kW	Hybrid
[68] MO		142 fs	1.472 nJ	16 MHz	23.5 mW	9.744 kW	Hybrid
[69] DSR	2080 nm	3.24 ns	290 nJ	4.36 MHz	1.27 W	93 W	All-fiber
[38] DSR	1959 nm	144.6 ns	713.2 nJ	950 kHz	677.5 mW	4.93 W	All-fiber
Ho-Doped Fiber Lasers
[23] DSR	2024 nm	20.8 ns	5.8 nJ	2.69 MHz	15.6 mW^a	0.28 mW	All-fiber
[24] DSR	2045 nm^a	18 ns^a	26.5 nJ	1.44 MHz^a	38.3 mW	2.9 W^a	All-fiber

	Mamyshev Oscillators	DSR Oscillators
Mode-locking mechanism	Offset spectral filtering	Varies, most commonly NALM/NOLM, NPE, saturable absorber
Pulse duration	$> 800 f s$ , typically 1–10 psEasily compressed to $< 100 f s$	$> 50 p s$ , typically 1–100 nsCan be compressed to $< 1 p s$
Pulse energy	Typically $< 1 µ J$	Typically $< 100 n J$
Fundamental repetition rate	3–17 MHz	130 kHz–13.4 MHz
Spectral coverage	1020–1090 nm (Yb)1520–1600 nm (Er)1945–1990 nm (Tm)	905, 927 nm (Nd)1030–1072 nm (Yb)1169–1170 nm (Bi)1302–1304 nm (Pr)1333–1343 nm (Bi)1550–1620 nm (Er)1951–1971 nm (Tm)2073–2091 nm (Tm)2050–2064 nm (Ho)
Spectral bandwidth (3 dB)	Typically $< 100 n m$	Typically $< 10 n m$
Compressibility	Easily compressed by $> 2$ orders of magnitude	Theoretically compressible, little experimental data available
All-fiber design	Possible with FBG as spectral filters; however, best performance is achieved in hybrid cavities	Exclusively all-fiber due to soliton balance requirements
Major strengths	Strong CW suppressionVery wide bandwidth High stability	Flattop pulse profile Self-starting
Major limitations	Additional effort required for self-starting	Difficulties with compression More difficult achieving sub nanosecond pulses Limited stability due to soliton formation requirements
Additional mode-locking states	Harmonic mode-locking Spatiotemporal mode-locking Multi-pulsing Bound states	Harmonic mode-locking Spatiotemporal mode-locking

Reference # and Oscillator Type	Central Wavelength	Pulse Duration	Pulse Energy	Repetition Rate	Average Power	Peak Power	Laser Type
Yb-Doped Fiber Lasers
[17] DSR	1060 nm	63 ps	2.96 nJ	13.4 MHz	40 mW	44 W^a	All-fiber
	1060 nm	760 fs	0.6 nJ^a	13.4 MHz	8 mW^a	390 W^a	All-fiber
[45] MO	1025 nm	–	1.12 µJ	8 MHz 16.8 MHz	9 W	–	Hybrid
	1025 nm	41 fs	896 nJ^a		7.2 W^a	13 MW	Hybrid
[57] MO	1060 nm^a	$\sim 4 p s$ ^a^b	47 nJ		789.6 mW	$\sim 11.75 k W$ ^a^b	Hybrid
	1060 nm^a	35 fs	32.9 nJ^a^b		552.7 mW^a	1 MW	Hybrid
[57] MO	1060 nm^a	$\sim 4 p s$ ^a^b	21 nJ	16.1 MHz	338.1 mW	$\sim 5.25 k W$ ^a^b	Hybrid
	1060 nm^a	65 fs	14.7 nJ^a^b	16.1 MHz	236.7 mW^a	240 kW^a	Hybrid
[47] MO	1080 nm	4 ps	190 nJ	17 MHz	3.23 W^a	44.65 kW^a	Hybrid
	1080 nm	35 fs	142.5 nJ	17 MHz	2.42 W^a	3 MW	Hybrid
[62] MO	1100 nm^a	20.1 ps	83.5 nJ	9.43 MHz	787.3 mW	4.15 kW^a	All-fiber
	1100 nm^a	56 fs	64.4 nJ^a	9.43 MHz	607.3 mW^a	1.15 MW	All-fiber
[63] DSR	1040 nm	1.38 ns	19.8 nJ	2.59 MHz	51.4 mW	14 W	All-fiber
[64] DSR	1064.9 nm	60.8 ns	159.4 nJ	927 kHz	147.8 mW	2.62 W^a	All-fiber
[59] MO	1080 nm^a	5 ps	625 nJ	12.8 MHz	8 W	82 kW^a	Hybrid
	1080 nm^a	44 fs	375 nJ^a	12.8 MHz	4.8 W	5.6 MW	Hybrid
Er- and Er:Yb-Doped Fiber Lasers
[20] DSR	1565 nm	416 ns	10 µJ	133 kHz	1.333 W	22.6 W	All-fiber
[65] DSR	1583 nm	18.5 ns	281.2 nJ	1.225 MHz	344.5 mW	30 W	All-fiber
[21] DSR	1563 nm	100 ps	135 nJ	8.69 MHz	1.176 W	700 W	All-fiber
[66] DSR	1565 nm	4.35 ns	199 nJ	4.6 MHz	0.915 W	42.9 W	All-fiber
[66] DSR	1565 nm	92 ns	1.01 µJ	1 MHz	1.005 W	10.4 W	All-fiber
[49] MO	1550 nm	12 ps	21.3 nJ	8.93 MHz	190 mW	1.67 kW	All-fiber
	1550 nm	108 fs	10.7 nJ^b	8.93 MHz	95 mW^a	93.1 kW^a	All-fiber
[67] DSR	1564 nm	46.5 ns	53.39 nJ	1.386 MHz	73.95 mW	1.15 W	All-fiber
[33] DSR	1566 nm	2.15 ns	500 nJ?	5.731 MHz	3.2 W	232 W?	All-fiber
[55] MO	1560 nm^a	573 fs^a	18 nJ	3.18 MHz	56 mW	$\sim 31.4 k W$ ^a	All-fiber
[51] MO	1555 nm^b	$\sim 5 - 6 p s$ ^b	31.3 nJ	7.35 MHz	230 mW^a	$\sim 5 - 6 k W$ ^b	Hybrid
	1555 nm^b	93 fs	15.65 nJ^a	7.35 MHz	115 mW^a	126 kW	Hybrid
Tm- and Tm:Ho-Doped Fiber Lasers
[50] MO	1965 nm	3.63 ps	3.55 nJ^b	15.03 MHz	53.4 mW	919 W	Hybrid
		208 fs	0.816 nJ	15.03 MHz	12.26 mW	3.688 kW	Hybrid
[25] DSR	1962 nm	13.5 ns	27.5 nJ	1.59 MHz	43.7 mW	2 W	All-fiber
[68] MO	1967 nm	3.77 ps	6.4 nJ	16 MHz	102.4 mW	1.596 kW	Hybrid
[68] MO		142 fs	1.472 nJ	16 MHz	23.5 mW	9.744 kW	Hybrid
[69] DSR	2080 nm	3.24 ns	290 nJ	4.36 MHz	1.27 W	93 W	All-fiber
[38] DSR	1959 nm	144.6 ns	713.2 nJ	950 kHz	677.5 mW	4.93 W	All-fiber
Ho-Doped Fiber Lasers
[23] DSR	2024 nm	20.8 ns	5.8 nJ	2.69 MHz	15.6 mW^a	0.28 mW	All-fiber
[24] DSR	2045 nm^a	18 ns^a	26.5 nJ	1.44 MHz^a	38.3 mW	2.9 W^a	All-fiber

	Mamyshev Oscillators	DSR Oscillators
Mode-locking mechanism	Offset spectral filtering	Varies, most commonly NALM/NOLM, NPE, saturable absorber
Pulse duration	$> 800 f s$ , typically 1–10 psEasily compressed to $< 100 f s$	$> 50 p s$ , typically 1–100 nsCan be compressed to $< 1 p s$
Pulse energy	Typically $< 1 µ J$	Typically $< 100 n J$
Fundamental repetition rate	3–17 MHz	130 kHz–13.4 MHz
Spectral coverage	1020–1090 nm (Yb)1520–1600 nm (Er)1945–1990 nm (Tm)	905, 927 nm (Nd)1030–1072 nm (Yb)1169–1170 nm (Bi)1302–1304 nm (Pr)1333–1343 nm (Bi)1550–1620 nm (Er)1951–1971 nm (Tm)2073–2091 nm (Tm)2050–2064 nm (Ho)
Spectral bandwidth (3 dB)	Typically $< 100 n m$	Typically $< 10 n m$
Compressibility	Easily compressed by $> 2$ orders of magnitude	Theoretically compressible, little experimental data available
All-fiber design	Possible with FBG as spectral filters; however, best performance is achieved in hybrid cavities	Exclusively all-fiber due to soliton balance requirements
Major strengths	Strong CW suppressionVery wide bandwidth High stability	Flattop pulse profile Self-starting
Major limitations	Additional effort required for self-starting	Difficulties with compression More difficult achieving sub nanosecond pulses Limited stability due to soliton formation requirements
Additional mode-locking states	Harmonic mode-locking Spatiotemporal mode-locking Multi-pulsing Bound states	Harmonic mode-locking Spatiotemporal mode-locking

Abstract

Data availability

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Tables (2)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B