Widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single ring cavity

Jawad Mirza; Salman Ghafoor; Ahmad Atieh; Benish Kanwal; Khurram Karim Qureshi

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.447365

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 4,
pp. 1118-1129
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.447365

Widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single ring cavity

Jawad Mirza, Salman Ghafoor, Ahmad Atieh, Benish Kanwal, and Khurram Karim Qureshi

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Jawad Mirza, Salman Ghafoor, Ahmad Atieh, Benish Kanwal, and Khurram Karim Qureshi, "Widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single ring cavity," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 1118-1129 (2022)

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate through numerical simulations a novel, to the best of our knowledge, widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating in the 1524–1650 nm wavelength range covering the C-, L-, and U-bands. The EDFL is based on a single ring cavity and a single forward pump source operating at 980 nm wavelength. The length of the erbium-doped fiber and pumping configuration is optimized, enabling a wide tuning of 126 nm with an average lasing power of 15 dBm. Switchable multiple wavelengths are generated from the EDFL through an intracavity tunable optical filter (TOF) and a specially designed out-of-cavity comb filter (CF). Forty-nine wavelengths having average optical power and linewidth of around −10 dBm and 0.01 nm, respectively, are obtained at the output of the CF. Moreover, the free spectral range among the multiple wavelengths is adjusted easily by simply varying the frequency of sinusoidal radio frequency signal used to modulate the lasing signal obtained by tuning the intracavity TOF at a particular wavelength with the help of a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. The proposed EDFL is low cost, efficient, and highly stable with an average output power of around 15 dBm for 10% output coupling ratio over a 126 nm wide tuning range covering C-, L- and U-bands.

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No data were generated or analyzed in the presented research.

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Study	Year	Filter Type	No. of Pumps and Cavities	Tuning Range
[8]	2006	TROC	2, 1	1567–1625 nm
[9]	2011	MZM	1, 1	1545–1560 nm
[10]	2020	STS and Lyot	1, 1	1550–1563 nm
[11]	2020	SBS	1, 2	1540–1545 nm
[12]	2014	MZI and S-bent fiber	1, 1	1520–1570 nm
[13]	2021	FBG	1, 1	1550–1566 nm
[14]	2017	Sagnac filter	1, 1	1526–1536 nm
[15]	2011	NOLM	2, 1	1570–1610 nm
[16]	2021	Sagnac filter	1, 2	1556–1566 nm
[17]	2009	MZI	1, 1	1540–1560 nm
[18]	2017	FBG	1, 1	1540–1580 nm
[19]	2020	TBPF	1, 3	1519–1583 nm
[20]	2020	Sagnac filter and TBPF	1, 3	1523–1571 nm
[21]	2020	FBG and saturable absorber	1, 1	1530–1544 nm

Symbol	Description
$N_{1}$ , $N_{2}$	Population densities at ground and metastable states
$N_{o}$	Total population density
$I_{p}$ , $I_{s}$	Pump and signal intensities
$h f_{p}$ , $h f_{s}$	Pump and signal photon energies
$σ_{ap}$ , $σ_{as}$	Absorption cross section of the pump and signal
$σ_{es}$	Effective stimulated emission cross section of signal light
$τ$	Lifetime of the metastable level
$L$	EDF length
$P_{p, s} (0)$ , $P_{p, s} (L)$	Pump and signal powers at different longitudinal fiber coordinates
$Γ_{p, s}$	Overlap integral of pump and signal
$A$	Effective fiber core area
$ϵ_{t}$ , $ϵ$ , $γ$	Total cavity loss, intracavity loss, coupling loss
$K_{B}$	Boltzman’s constant
$T$	Absolute temperature

Parameter	Value
Pump power	300 mW
Pump wavelength	980 nm
$E r^{3 +}$ ion concentration	$16 \times 10^{24} i o n s / m^{3}$
Core radius of EDF	2.25 µm
Doping radius of EDF	1.2 µm
Numerical aperture	0.26
Bandwidth of TOF	0.01 nm
Insertion and return losses of TOF	0 and 65 dB
Resolution bandwidth of OSA	0.01 nm
Metastable level lifetime	10 ms
Absolute temperature	300 K
Extinction ratio of DD-MZM	30 dB
Gain of electrical amplifiers	10 dB

Parameter	Value
$E r^{3 +}$ ion concentration	$9 \times 10^{24} i o n s / m^{3}$
Core radius of EDF	2.2 µm
Doping radius of EDF	1.2 µm
Numerical aperture	0.22

Study	EDF Length	Ion Density	Pumps and Cavities	Tuning Range	Number of Wavelengths	Lasing Power
[8]	45 m	—	2,1	58 nm (1567–1625 nm)	1	−10 dBm
[10]	7 m	—	1,1	30 nm (1530–1560 nm)	7	−10 dBm
[13]	15 m	$3 \times 10^{24} i o n s m^{- 3}$	1,1	13 nm (1550–1563 nm)	4	−40 dBm
[14]	3 m	—	1,1	10 nm (1526–1536 nm)	24	−30 dBm
[16]	2 m	—	1,2	10 nm (1556–1566 nm)	8	−27 dBm
[17]	4.5 m	—	1,1	20 nm (1540–1560 nm)	29	−15 dBm
[35]	7 m	—	1,2	13 nm (1553.77–1567.29 nm)	3	−10 dBm
[36]	1 m	—	3,2	3 nm (1551–1554 nm)	1	−10 dBm
[37]	6 m	$2 \times 10^{24} i o n s m^{- 3}$	2,1	70 nm (1525–1595 nm)	1	−3 dBm
Proposed	5 m	$16 \times 10^{24} i o n s m^{- 3}$	1,1	126 nm (1524–1650 nm)	49	−10 dBm

Abstract

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Equations (23)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B