Theoretical determination of biaxial anisotropy suitable for reducing incident angle dependence of a high-efficiency polarization grating

Ryusei Momosaki; Moritsugu Sakamoto; Kohei Noda; Yasuhiro Tamayama; Tomoyuki Sasaki; Takeya Unuma; Takeya Sakai; Yukitoshi Hattori; Nobuhiro Kawatsuki; Hiroshi Ono

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.459804

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 7,
pp. 1964-1971
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.459804

Theoretical determination of biaxial anisotropy suitable for reducing incident angle dependence of a high-efficiency polarization grating

Ryusei Momosaki, Moritsugu Sakamoto, Kohei Noda, Yasuhiro Tamayama, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Takeya Unuma, Takeya Sakai, Yukitoshi Hattori, Nobuhiro Kawatsuki, and Hiroshi Ono

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Ryusei Momosaki, Moritsugu Sakamoto, Kohei Noda, Yasuhiro Tamayama, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Takeya Unuma, Takeya Sakai, Yukitoshi Hattori, Nobuhiro Kawatsuki, and Hiroshi Ono, "Theoretical determination of biaxial anisotropy suitable for reducing incident angle dependence of a high-efficiency polarization grating," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 1964-1971 (2022)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 28, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: June 13, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: June 13, 2022
- Published: June 27, 2022

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Abstract

A theoretical framework for determining biaxial anisotropy suitable for reducing the incident angle dependence of a polarization grating is proposed. The principal refractive indices are uniquely given by quantifying the biaxial anisotropy through the $Nz$ coefficient. The numerical analysis based on the finite-difference time-domain method reveals that the incident angle dependences of the diffraction efficiency and the polarization ellipticity of the diffracted light are significantly reduced when $Nz = {0.5}$. This result is expected to contribute to the design of polarization diffractive optical elements and the development of anisotropic materials and structures.

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Parameter	Variable	Sample Value
Central wavelength of incident light at vacuum	$λ_{c e n .}$	532 nm
Bandwidth of incident light in vacuum	$Δ λ$	2.8 nm
Spacial resolution ( $Δ x = Δ z$ )	$Δ x < λ_{c e n .} / 20$	$25 n m$
Number of elements in analytical area	$N_{x} \times N_{z}$	$N_{x} = Λ / Δ x = 340$ , $N_{z} = 560$
Temporal resolution ( $Δ t$ )	$Δ z / (2 c)$	0.017 fs
PML thickness (30 layers)	$d_{P M L}$	750 nm
Anti-reflection coating (120 layers)	$d_{A R}$	3 µm

Parameter	Variable	Sampled Value
Spacial resolution ( $Δ x = Δ y = Δ z$ )	$Δ x < λ_{c e n .} / 20$	25 nm
Number of elements in analytical area	$N_{x} \times N_{y} \times N_{z}$	$N_{x} = Λ / Δ x = 340$ $N_{y} = 4$ $N_{z} = 560$

	Range of Incident Angle (deg)
$N_{z}$ Coefficient	DE ( $> 98 %$ )	PE ( $< - 0.980$ )
−0.5	28	20
0.0	29	32
0.3	29	66
0.5	29	59
0.8	30	34
1.0	30	27
1.5	30	19

	Range of Incident Angle (deg)
Plane of Incidence	DE ( $> 98 %$ )	PE ( $< - 0.980$ )	FOM (0–1.0)
$x z$ plane	66	81	0.41
$y z$ plane	88	42	0.36

Parameter	Variable	Sample Value
Central wavelength of incident light at vacuum	$λ_{c e n .}$	532 nm
Bandwidth of incident light in vacuum	$Δ λ$	2.8 nm
Spacial resolution ( $Δ x = Δ z$ )	$Δ x < λ_{c e n .} / 20$	$25 n m$
Number of elements in analytical area	$N_{x} \times N_{z}$	$N_{x} = Λ / Δ x = 340$ , $N_{z} = 560$
Temporal resolution ( $Δ t$ )	$Δ z / (2 c)$	0.017 fs
PML thickness (30 layers)	$d_{P M L}$	750 nm
Anti-reflection coating (120 layers)	$d_{A R}$	3 µm

Abstract

Data availability

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Figures (8)

Tables (4)

Equations (13)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B