Abstract

We demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the direct generation of higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) petal modes, formed of the coherent superposition of positive and negative LG modes with the topological charge of ${\pm}\ell$ as an eigen mode, from a compact diode end-pumped ${{\rm Pr}^{3 +}}{:}{{\rm LiYF}_4}$ (YLF) laser with an intra-cavity lens configuration. The on-axis displacement of the intra-cavity lens with spherical aberration allows the selective operation of the desired higher-order LG modes with $|\ell | \le {31}$ from the laser cavity at 640 nm and 607 nm. Such visible higher-order LG modes will offer new applications in optical manipulation, quantum/optical underwater telecommunication, and microfabrication.

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