Abstract
Field programmable photonic gate arrays (FPPGAs) use $2 \times 2$ tunable basic units (TBUs) interconnected as a mesh to achieve various functionalities on the same chip. It is desirable to have TBUs that can retain the state without power and function over a broad bandwidth. Different TBU structures and materials are compared in this work to design a suitable nonvolatile broadband device. An optical phase change material (O-PCM) based Mach–Zehnder interferometer provided the required nonvolatile TBU with a high bandwidth, low insertion loss, and low crosstalk. Among the various O-PCM materials, ${{\rm Sb}_2}{{\rm S}_3}$ provided the lowest insertion loss of ${\lt}\;{1}\;{\rm dB}$ and a low crosstalk of ${\lt}\; - {25}\;{\rm dB}$. The proposed TBU can enable a low-power FPPGA with a smaller footprint and broader bandwidth compared to their volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic counterparts.
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