Effect of TeO<sub>2</sub> on optical and 1.06 µm emission in Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped phosphate glass for high-power lasers

Radha Mada; Radha Mada; Seshadri Meruva; Maria José V. Bell; Virgilio Anjos

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.482646

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 40,
Issue 5,
pp. 1148-1155
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.482646

Effect of TeO₂ on optical and 1.06 µm emission in Nd³⁺-doped phosphate glass for high-power lasers

Radha Mada, Seshadri Meruva, Maria José V. Bell, and Virgilio Anjos

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Radha Mada, Seshadri Meruva, Maria José V. Bell, and Virgilio Anjos, "Effect of TeO₂ on optical and 1.06 µm emission in Nd³⁺-doped phosphate glass for high-power lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40, 1148-1155 (2023)

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Abstract

In this work, we deal with glass composition, ${{29{\rm P}}_2}{{\rm O}_5} + ({60 - x}){{\rm ZnO + 10Na}_2}{{\rm O + xTeO}_2}$ ($x = {5 - 40}\;{\rm mol}.\%$) doped with 1 mol.% of ${{\rm Nd}_2}{{\rm O}_3}$. The samples are characterized by x ray diffraction, micro-Raman, optical absorption, and photoluminescence techniques. Refractive index ($n$) linearly increased with ${{\rm TeO}_2}$ content, as well as the optical basicity $(\Lambda)$ due to the strengthening of the covalent bond between cation and oxide ions. Such information was corroborated by Raman spectra via an increase of non-bridging oxygens. The maximum phonon energy is approximately $1010\;{{\rm cm}^{- 1}}$, which is lower than reported for ${{\rm P}_2}{{\rm O}_5} - {{\rm ZnO - Na}_2}{\rm O}$ phosphate glass ($1164\;{{\rm cm}^{- 1}}$). Detailed spectroscopic and luminescent properties based on ${{\rm TeO}_2}$ content are discussed. From luminescence spectra, laser parameters were estimated, viz., radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and emission cross sections. The results show that the optimal laser emission parameters are obtained for ${{\rm TeO}_2}$ content equal to 20 mol.%, which evinces this glass composition as a promising host material for 1.06 µm high-power laser applications.

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Supplementary Material (1)

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Supplement 1	Supplemental document.

Data availability

The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Glass	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	$χ$
PZNTe ( $x = 5$ )	2.17	2.35	2.44	1.07
PZNTe ( $x = 10$ )	3.73	4.81	4.80	0.95
PZNTe ( $x = 20$ )	3.91	5.07	4.57	1.08
PZNTe ( $x = 30$ )	4.59	5.73	5.11	1.29
PZNTe ( $x = 40$ )	4.76	6.66	5.45	0.58
Phosphate [36]	3.28	3.54	4.67	0.76
Tellurite [21]	2.99	2.82	2.62	1.07
Phosphotellurite [37]	5.93	3.23	4.69	0.69
Silicate [38]	5.01	2.10	4.54	0.46
Borotellurite [39]	10.51	5.36	10.04	0.53

		$A_{R a d}$	$β_{e x p}$	$β_{c a l}$	$σ_{p}$	Lifetime of $^{4} F_{3 / 2}$
Glass	Transition	$(s^{- 1})$	%	%	$\times 10^{- 20}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$τ_{e x p}$ (µs)	$τ_{c a l c}$ (µs)
PZNTe ( $x = 5$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	1757	19	42	0.65	65	242
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	1905	58	46	2.05
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	453	23	11	0.64
PZNTe ( $x = 10$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	3830	17	43	1.35	64	113
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4068	61	46	4.40
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	959	23	11	1.42
PZNTe ( $x = 20$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	4320	19	46	1.54	63	105
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4348	60	56	4.56
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	815	22	09	1.24
PZNTe ( $x = 30$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	4956	17	45	1.62	60	90
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4958	61	45	5.27
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	1132	23	10	1.63
PZNTe ( $x = 40$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	5873	19	46	1.90	59	78
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	5617	58	44	5.75
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	1250	23	10	1.73

Glass	$Δ λ_{e f f}$ (nm)	$σ_{P}$ ( $10^{- 20} {c m}^{2}$ )	$(σ) \times τ_{e x p}$ ( $\times 10^{- 25} {c m}^{2} . s e c$ )
PZNTe ( $x = 5$ )	34	2.05	13.29
PZNTe ( $x = 10$ )	32	4.40	28.03
PZNTe ( $x = 20$ )	32	4.56	28.57
PZNTe ( $x = 30$ )	31	5.27	31.73
PZNTe ( $x = 40$ )	32	5.75	34.30
Phosphate [36]	29.3	2.78	119.54
Tellurite [21]	28	2.55	46.15
Phosphotellurite [37]	35	3.00	66.30
Silicate [38]	34.8	2.60	80.60
Borotellurite [39]	21.6	8.91	65.04

Glass	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	$χ$
PZNTe ( $x = 5$ )	2.17	2.35	2.44	1.07
PZNTe ( $x = 10$ )	3.73	4.81	4.80	0.95
PZNTe ( $x = 20$ )	3.91	5.07	4.57	1.08
PZNTe ( $x = 30$ )	4.59	5.73	5.11	1.29
PZNTe ( $x = 40$ )	4.76	6.66	5.45	0.58
Phosphate [36]	3.28	3.54	4.67	0.76
Tellurite [21]	2.99	2.82	2.62	1.07
Phosphotellurite [37]	5.93	3.23	4.69	0.69
Silicate [38]	5.01	2.10	4.54	0.46
Borotellurite [39]	10.51	5.36	10.04	0.53

		$A_{R a d}$	$β_{e x p}$	$β_{c a l}$	$σ_{p}$	Lifetime of $^{4} F_{3 / 2}$
Glass	Transition	$(s^{- 1})$	%	%	$\times 10^{- 20}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$τ_{e x p}$ (µs)	$τ_{c a l c}$ (µs)
PZNTe ( $x = 5$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	1757	19	42	0.65	65	242
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	1905	58	46	2.05
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	453	23	11	0.64
PZNTe ( $x = 10$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	3830	17	43	1.35	64	113
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4068	61	46	4.40
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	959	23	11	1.42
PZNTe ( $x = 20$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	4320	19	46	1.54	63	105
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4348	60	56	4.56
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	815	22	09	1.24
PZNTe ( $x = 30$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	4956	17	45	1.62	60	90
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	4958	61	45	5.27
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	1132	23	10	1.63
PZNTe ( $x = 40$ )	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	5873	19	46	1.90	59	78
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	5617	58	44	5.75
	$^{4} F_{3 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	1250	23	10	1.73

Abstract

Supplementary Material (1)

Data availability

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Figures (5)

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Equations (5)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B