Abstract

Phase-change-medium-enabled hyperbolic metamaterial structures were investigated for generating a wide range of colors by applying external electrical pulses to the embedded graphene-based micro-heater system. The stochastic particle swarm optimization method was implemented to accelerate the design process, followed by the transfer-matrix method to observe the effects of incidence polarization and angle. The results revealed a wide range of colors attainable via the constitutive properties of the designed pixels, which remains insensitive to the incidence polarization, and under a wide range of incidence angle. The investigated programable structure can find potential use in reflective displays and holographic devices for security systems.

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