Design and performance of a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L + U-band actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser

Benish Kanwal; Ahmad Atieh; Salman Ghafoor; Muhammad Sajid; Jawad Mirza; Jawad Mirza

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.489410

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 40,
Issue 6,
pp. 1644-1651
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.489410

Design and performance of a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L + U-band actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser

Benish Kanwal, Ahmad Atieh, Salman Ghafoor, Muhammad Sajid, and Jawad Mirza

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Benish Kanwal, Ahmad Atieh, Salman Ghafoor, Muhammad Sajid, and Jawad Mirza, "Design and performance of a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L + U-band actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40, 1644-1651 (2023)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Abstract

Mode-locked lasers draw great interest in the laser research field due to their diverse applications and easy achievement of ultra-short and high-intensity optical pulse trains. Actively mode-locked (AML) fiber lasers are more flexible compared to passively mode-locked fiber lasers owing to their ability to control repetition rates and pulse intervals electronically. The design and development of wavelength tunable AML fiber lasers operating beyond the C-band have attracted great attention from the research community. In this paper, a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable ${\rm L}+{\rm U}$-band AML erbium fiber laser (AML-EFL) based on a single standard 1480 nm pump laser and Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) as an intra-cavity intensity modulator is demonstrated using numerical simulation. The AML-EFL is created using a MZM driven by electrical Gaussian pulses and a tunable optical bandpass filter that is used to tune the laser cavity at any wavelength in the 1565–1645 nm range. The repetition rate of the AML-EFL is controlled from 500 kHz to 1 GHz. Trains of pulses with pulse widths of 103 ns and 50 ps and pulse intervals of 2 µs and 1 ns are successfully generated at repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. A pulse energy of 626 nJ is obtained for a 500 kHz repetition rate. Signal-to-noise ratios of 30 and 32 dB are observed for trains of mode-locked pulses with repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. In addition, slope efficiencies of around 66% for an L-band wavelength of 1582.1 nm and 30% for a U-band wavelength of 1633.6 nm are obtained considering the optimized parameters.

Full Article | PDF Article

Corrections

5 June 2023: A typographical correction was made to Table 1.

More Like This

Fluoro-sulfo-phosphate fiber with long-wavelength gain for an L-band laser

Yao Ji, Jinzhong Zhu, Runsen Zhang, Zhijin Xiong, Xiaoming Wei, Weichao Wang, and Qinyuan Zhang
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40(8) 2102-2107 (2023)

Femtosecond mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with intra-cavity loss controlled full L-band wavelength tunability

Gong-Ru Lin and Jun-Yuan Chang
Opt. Express 15(1) 97-103 (2007)

Wavelength-tunable L-band mode-locked fiber laser using a long-period fiber grating

Junjie Jiang, Qianqian Huang, Yuehui Ma, Dandan Liao, Zinan Huang, Lilong Dai, Yunqi Liu, Chengbo Mou, Mohammed Al Araimi, and Aleksey Rozhin
Opt. Express 29(17) 26332-26339 (2021)

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (11)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (4)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (9)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Study	Modulator Type	Operating Band	Repetition Rate	FWHM	SNR	Pulse Energy
[5]	MZM	C	6 GHz	4 ps	50 dB	—
[9]	MZM	$C + L$	1 MHz	38 ns	—	—
[10]	Without modulator	C	99.250 kHz	1.8 ps	53 dB	—
[11]	MZM	C	4.35 MHz	480 ps	62 dB	844 pJ
[12]	MZM	C	0.67 MHz	39 ns	51 dB	—
[13]	PolM	C	10 GHz	7.4 ps	—	—
[14]	MZM	C	100 GHz	2.7 ps	—	—
[16]	AOM	C	1.838 MHz	2.66 ps	—	—
[17]	AOM	L	237.35 kHz	6 ns	—	—
Proposed	MZM	$L + U$	500 kHz, 1 GHz	50 ps	32 dB	626 nJ

Parameter	Value
Core radius of EDF	2.25 µm
Doping radius of EDF	1.2 µm
Numerical aperture	0.23
Cutoff wavelength	900–970 nm
Attenuation	$< 10 d B / k m$
Absorption	14–21 dB/m at 1531 nm

Symbol	Notation
$m (t)$	Modulating signal
$ω_{M} t$	Modulation frequency
$T_{R}$	Cavity round trip time
$\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}$	Schrodinger operator of harmonic oscillation
g(T)	Cavity gain
l	Cavity loss
$D_{g}$	Gain dispersion
$M_{s}$	Modulation strength
$I_{in}$ , $I_{out}$	Input and output intensities
$T_{mod}$	Optical transmission of device
$V_{π}$	Half-wave voltage of modulator
$ϕ$	Phase term
$τ_{a}$	Pulse width
$f_{c}$	Center frequency
B	3 dB bandwidth
N	Filter’s order

Parameter	Value
Gaussian PG’s bit rate	1 Mbps, 2 Gbps
Pump power	0.5 W
Power of seed laser	−30 dBm
Pump wavelength	1480 nm
Optimized length of EDF	20 m
Optimized doping concentration of $E r^{3 +}$	$45 \times 10^{24} m^{- 3}$
Length of PM-DSF	200 m
Attenuation of PM-DSF	$0.35 d B k m^{- 1}$
Dispersion of PM-DSF	$3 p s n m^{- 1} k m^{- 1}$
Dispersion slope	$0.75 p s n m^{- 2} k m^{- 1}$
$E r^{3 +}$ metastable lifetime	10 ms
Bandwidth of TOF	2 nm
Resolution bandwidth of OSA	0.01 nm
Insertion and return losses of TOF	0 and 65 dB
Extinction ratio of MZM	30 dB
Responsivity of PIN	$0.8 {A W}^{- 1}$

Study	Modulator Type	Operating Band	Repetition Rate	FWHM	SNR	Pulse Energy
[5]	MZM	C	6 GHz	4 ps	50 dB	—
[9]	MZM	$C + L$	1 MHz	38 ns	—	—
[10]	Without modulator	C	99.250 kHz	1.8 ps	53 dB	—
[11]	MZM	C	4.35 MHz	480 ps	62 dB	844 pJ
[12]	MZM	C	0.67 MHz	39 ns	51 dB	—
[13]	PolM	C	10 GHz	7.4 ps	—	—
[14]	MZM	C	100 GHz	2.7 ps	—	—
[16]	AOM	C	1.838 MHz	2.66 ps	—	—
[17]	AOM	L	237.35 kHz	6 ns	—	—
Proposed	MZM	$L + U$	500 kHz, 1 GHz	50 ps	32 dB	626 nJ

Abstract

Corrections

Data availability

Cited By

Figures (11)

Tables (4)

Equations (9)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B