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Abstract
As predicted by the Fresnel equations, the amplitude of light transmitted or reflected by a specimen is a function of the angle of incidence on the sample surface and the refractive indices of the incident medium and the sample. Of these three parameters, if the first two are known, the emerging light potentially contains information about the refractive index variations in the sample. Using this technique, the refractive index distribution in the human red blood cell is demonstrated, where the ratio of transmittivities for $s$- and $p$-polarized light is related to the refractive index of the sample through a calibration curve from which the refractive index is quantitatively evaluated for every pixel of the image. The same technique is followed for reflected samples such as a laser-etched glass plate in which the refractive indices of the plate and the etched regions are measured. In each case, the substrate is a glass prism surface so as to avoid having unwanted backreflections reach the detector. Experimental results are presented.
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