Abstract

Small silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based tunable O-band ${{\rm TE}_0} {\text -} {{\rm TE}_1}$ and ${{\rm TE}_0} {\text -} {{\rm TE}_2}$ mode multiplexers (MUXs) based on phase-mismatched asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. We designed ADCs with an intentionally phase-mismatched coupling region to suppress wavelength dependence and improve fabrication error tolerance. The fabricated O-band ${{\rm TE}_0} {\text -} {{\rm TE}_2}$ mode MUX can maintain more than ${-}{0.71}\;{\rm dB}$ transmission by heating. Moreover, we proposed three-section tapered ADCs (3STADCs) divided into three regions. We theoretically show that the ${{\rm TE}_0} {\text -} {{\rm TE}_1}$ and ${{\rm TE}_0} {\text -} {{\rm TE}_2}$ mode MUXs based on the 3STADC have more than ${-}{0.28}\;{\rm dB}$ and ${-}{0.36}\;{\rm dB}$ transmission within $\pm {10}\;{\rm nm}$ waveguide width fabrication error, respectively.

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