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Low dose carbon implanted waveguides in Nd:YAG

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Abstract

For the first time to our knowledge, carbon implantation into YAG crystals doped with Nd has been used to produce optical waveguides. A considerable index decrease in the nuclear region (i.e., the region where the energetic ions stop) of ~ 2.5% was obtained with a low dose implant, while giving an index enhancement in the guiding region of ~ 0.35%. After an annealing step necessary to recover the transparency of the crystals, the layer of reduced refractive index produced by implantation is preserved. Spectroscopic studies carried out in a waveguiding configuration show that emission bands coming from the 4F3/2 level present a slight broadening, while its associated lifetime is similar to that reported in bulk crystals (240 µs).

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Mode positions (triangles) and refractive index profile (solid line) for C3+ implanted Nd:YAG with 7 MeV at a dose of 1×1016 ions/cm2. The dashed line represents the substrate refractive index.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Emission spectra of Nd3+ ions in YAG crystal, measured in bulk (solid lines) and in waveguide (dotted lines), after excitation to the 2H9/2:4F5/2 at room temperature.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Temporal evolution associated to the 4F3/24I11/2 Nd3+ transition measured at 1.064 µm, where a lifetime of 236 µs is calculated
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