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Coupling characteristics of dual-core photonic crystal fiber couplers

Kunimasa Saitoh, Yuichiro Sato, and Masanori Koshiba

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Coupling characteristics of dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) couplers are evaluated by using a vector finite element method and their application to a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MUX-DEMUX) based on PCF is investigated. The PCF couplers for 1.48/1.55-µm, 1.3/1.55-µm, 0.98/1.55-µm, and 0.85/1.55-µm wavelength MUX-DEMUX are designed and the beam propagation analysis of the proposed PCF couplers is performed. It is shown from numerical results that it is possible to realize significantly shorter MUX-DEMUX PCFs, compared to conventional optical fiber couplers.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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References

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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref]
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2003 (2)

2002 (3)

2001 (2)

K. Saitoh and M. Koshiba, “Full-vectorial finite element beam propagation method with perfectly matched layers for anisotropic optical waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 405–413 (2001).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

2000 (2)

M. Koshiba and Y. Tsuji, “Curvilinear hybrid edge/nodal elements with triangular shape for guided-wave problems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 737–743 (2000).
[Crossref]

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (4)

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.G.R. Broderick, T.M. Monro, P.J. Bennett, and D.J. Richardson, “Nonlinearlity in holey optical fibers: Measurement and future opportunities,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1395–1397 (1999).
[Crossref]

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (3)

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F.L. Teixeira and W.C. Chew, “General closed-form pml constitutive tensors to match arbitrary bianisotropic and dispersive linear media,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 8, 223–225 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

1996 (1)

Allan, D.C.

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Atkin, D.M.

Barkou, S.E.

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

Bassi, P.

Bellanca, G.

Bennett, P.J.

Birks, T.A.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bjarklev, A.

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

Broderick, N.G.R.

Broeng, J.

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chew, W.C.

F.L. Teixeira and W.C. Chew, “General closed-form pml constitutive tensors to match arbitrary bianisotropic and dispersive linear media,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 8, 223–225 (1998).
[Crossref]

Cregan, R.F.

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

de Sandro, J.-P.

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

Eom, J.B.

Fogli, F.

Gander, M.J.

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

Greenaway, A.H.

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

Hasegawa, T.

Jones, J.D.C.

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kim, J.

Knight, J.C.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Koshiba, M.

Lee, B.H.

Mangan, B.J.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

McBride, R.

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mogilevstev, D.

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mogilevtsev, D.

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

Monro, T.M.

Moon, D.S.

Paek, U.-C.

Richardson, D.J.

Roberts, P.J.

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Russell, P.St.J.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Saccomandi, L.

Saitoh, K.

Sasaoka, E.

Teixeira, F.L.

F.L. Teixeira and W.C. Chew, “General closed-form pml constitutive tensors to match arbitrary bianisotropic and dispersive linear media,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 8, 223–225 (1998).
[Crossref]

Trillo, S.

Tsuji, Y.

Yang, C.

Yang, G.-H.

Zhang, L.

Electron. Lett. (3)

M.J. Gander, R. McBride, J.D.C. Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Experimantal measurement of group velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 35, 63–64 (1999).
[Crossref]

B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and A.H. Greenaway, “Experimental study of dualcore photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1358–1359 (2000).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.St.J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fiber,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347–1348 (1998).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

K. Saitoh and M. Koshiba, “Full-vectorial imaginary-distance beam propagation method based on a finite element scheme: application to photonic crystal fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 927–933 (2002).
[Crossref]

IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. (1)

F.L. Teixeira and W.C. Chew, “General closed-form pml constitutive tensors to match arbitrary bianisotropic and dispersive linear media,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 8, 223–225 (1998).
[Crossref]

IEICE Trans. Electron. (1)

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, B.J. Mangan, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers: An endless variety,” IEICE Trans. Electron. E84-C, 585–592 (2001).

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Fiber Technol. (1)

J. Broeng, D. Mogilevstev, S.E. Barkou, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibers: A new class of optical waveguides,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 305–330 (1999).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (4)

Science (2)

J.C. Knight, J. Broeng, T.A. Birks, and P.St.J. Russell, “Photonic band gap guidance in optical fiber,” Science 282, 1476–1478 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R.F. Cregan, B.J. Mangan, J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, P.J. Roberts, and D.C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cross section of PCF surrounded by PMLs.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Curvilinear hybrid edge/nodal element.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Cross sections of PCF couplers of (a) Type 1 and (b) Type 2.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Coupling lengths of PCF couplers with d/Λ=0.5.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Hole-pitch dependence of coupling lengths, taking the value of d/Λ as a parameter.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Hole-pitch dependence of coupling lengths for PCF coupler with d/Λ=0.7, taking the operating wavelength as a parameter.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. d/Λ-dependence of coupling-length ratios, where λ1=1.55 µm.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Demultiplexing characteristics of PCF couplers.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1. PML parameters.

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Table 2. Parameters of photonic crystal fiber couplers, where λ1=1.55 µm.

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Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

∇ × ( [ s ] − 1 ∇ × E ) − k 0 2 n 2 [ s ] E = 0
[ s ] = [ s y s x 0 0 0 s x s y 0 0 0 s x s y ]
s i = 1 − j α i ( ρ t i ) 2
[ K ] { E } = β 2 [ M ] { E }
L = π β e − β o .
L λ 1 : L λ 2 = even : odd
L λ 1 : L λ 2 = odd : even .

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