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Ultra-large bandwidth hollow-core guiding in all-silica Bragg fibers with nano-supports

Guillaume Vienne, Yong Xu, Christian Jakobsen, Hans-Jürgen Deyerl, Jesper B. Jensen, Thorkild Sørensen, Theis P. Hansen, Yanyi Huang, Matthew Terrel, Reginald K. Lee, Niels A. Mortensen, Jes Broeng, Harald Simonsen, Anders Bjarklev, and Amnon Yariv

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate a new class of hollow-core Bragg fibers that are composed of concentric cylindrical silica rings separated by nanoscale support bridges. We theoretically predict and experimentally observe hollow-core confinement over an octave frequency range. The bandwidth of bandgap guiding in this new class of Bragg fibers exceeds that of other hollow-core fibers reported in the literature. With only three rings of silica cladding layers, these Bragg fibers achieve propagation loss of the order of 1 dB/m.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematics of a hollow-core Bragg fiber. The refractive index and the thickness of the high (low) index cladding layer are respectively nh and Lh (nl and Ll ). Photons zigzag within the hollow-core with an incident angle θ and form a propagating mode. ω/c is the vacuum wave vector. β is the propagation constant. (b) Under the asymptotic limit, the Bragg fiber cladding layers can be well approximated by a planar Bragg stack with the same parameters. The photon wave vectors (ω/c and β) also correspond to those shown in (a).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. In (a) and (b), we respectively give the loss and dispersion of the TE01, TM01, and MP11 mode of a Bragg fiber with four cladding pairs, where we use nh =1.45, Lh =0.37µm, nl =1.0, Ll =4.10µm. The shaded area in (b) indicates the existence of propagating modes in the fiber cladding.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the OD90 sample cross-section. In (a) and (b), we respectively show the image of the overall structure and the cladding structure.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) The experimental transmission spectra of the OD120, 115, 110, 105, 100, 90, and 80 µm samples. (b) The experimental mode profile in the OD90 sample at a wavelength of 1060 nm. (c) The image of the output facet of the OD105 sample with white light input.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The theoretical loss (a) and dispersion (b) of the TE01, TM01, and MP11 mode in the OD90 sample. In calculations, we use a hollow-core radius of 10 µm (determined from SEM micrographs). The thicknesses of the inner, middle, and outer air layers are approximately 2.40, 2.27, and 2.27 µm, respectively. The thicknesses of inner, middle, and outer silica rings are 0.22, 0.28, and 0.28 µm, respectively. In calculating the cladding band diagram in (b), we assume the thickness of the silica and the air layers to be 0.28 µm and 2.27 µm, respectively. The shaded region in (b) indicates the existence of propagating modes in the fiber cladding layers.

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Equations (9)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

E = A N e − i k h ( y − y N ) + B N e i k h ( y − y N ) ,
k h = ( n h ω ⁄ c ) 2 − β 2 ,
[ A N + 1 B N + 1 ] = [ a b c d ] [ A N B N ] ,
a = e − i k h L h [ cos ⁡ ( k l L l ) − i k l 2 + k h 2 2 k l k h sin ( k l L l ) ] ,
b = − i k l 2 − k h 2 2 k l k h e i k h L h sin ( k l L l ) ,
c = i k l 2 − k h 2 2 k l k h e − i k h L h sin ( k l L l ) ,
d = e i k h L h [ cos ( k l L l ) + i k l 2 + k h 2 2 k l k h sin ( k l L l ) ] ,
D TE = n l 2 − sin 2 θ n h 2 − sin 2 θ .
D TM = min [ n l 4 n h 4 n h 2 − sin 2 θ n l 2 − sin 2 θ , n h 4 n l 4 n l 2 − sin 2 θ n h 2 − sin 2 θ ] .
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