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Air-core photonic band-gap fibers: the impact of surface modes

K. Saitoh, N. A. Mortensen, and M. Koshiba

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We study the dispersion and leakage properties for the recently reported low-loss photonic band-gap fiber by Smith et al. [Nature 424, 657 (2003)]. We find that surface modes have a significant impact on both the dispersion and leakage properties of the fundamental mode. Our dispersion results are in qualitative agreement with the dispersion profile reported recently by Ouzounov et al. [Science 301, 1702 (2003)] though our results suggest that the observed long-wavelength anomalous dispersion is due to an avoided crossing (with surface modes) rather than band-bending caused by the photonic band-gap boundary of the cladding.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The upper panel shows a dielectric structure that resembles that of Ref. [4]. The lower left panel shows a unit cell of the cladding region, the lower middle panel shows a close-up of the core construction, and the lower right panel shows a pentagon with rounded corners neighboring the air-core region.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. In the upper panel the effective index versus wavelength plot illustrates the hybridization and avoided-crossings for guided air-core modes (low slope curves) and silica-surface modes (steep curves). Field plots around the avoided crossings are shown in Fig. 3. Lower panel shows confinement loss versus wavelength for the fundamental-like mode with PBG boundaries and avoided crossings indicated by dashed lines. The BPG boundaries are calculated for an infinite periodic lattice of the cladding holes.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Contour plots of the fundamental-like mode (panels A, D, and G) and surface modes (panels B, C, E, and F). The labeling of the panels refers to the labeling in Fig. 2.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Plots of the group-velocity dispersion versus wavelength for the fundamental-like mode, see Fig. 2 and panel A in Fig. 3.

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Equations (1)

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f = ( d Λ ) 2 [ 1 − ( 1 − π 2 3 ) ( d c d ) 2 ]
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