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Coherent DIAL profiling in turbulent atmosphere

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Abstract

Because of the presence of atmospheric refractive turbulence, it is necessary to use simulations of beam propagation to examine the uncertainty added to the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurement process of a practical heterodyne lidar. The outcomes of our analysis illustrate the relative sensitivity of coherent DIAL systems under general atmospheric conditions and different instrument configurations.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Coherent power measurement uncertainty resulting from atmospheric turbulence

Aniceto Belmonte
Opt. Express 12(1) 168-175 (2004)

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Coherent power equivalent variance in a DIAL system as a function of range R and different moderate-to-strong refractive turbulence Cn2 daytime values for a 2-µm wavelength, 16-cm aperture, monostatic lidar system. The power variances are shown for different range resolutions ΔR. The dashed curve and y-axis labeling on the right corresponds to the mean coherent power.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Turbulence-induced DIAL measurement uncertainty as a function of range R and different moderate-to-strong refractive turbulence Cn2 daytime values for a 2-µm wavelength, 16-cm aperture, monostatic lidar system. The standard deviations are shown for different DIAL range resolutions ΔR. Range-resolved DIAL measurement errors of CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentration (solid curves) are compared with those relative errors corresponding to measurements of H2O (water vapor) concentration (dashed curves) (see text for further details).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. DIAL error resulting from atmospheric turbulence as a function of range R and typical daytime conditions of strong turbulence Cn2 for a 10-µm wavelength, 16-cm aperture, monostatic lidar system. The concentration relative errors are shown for different DIAL range resolutions ΔR. Range-resolved DIAL measurement errors of NH3 (ammonia) concentration (solid curves) are compared with those errors corresponding to measurements of H2O (water vapor) concentration (dashed curves).

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Wavelength selection of laser lines for range-resolved coherent DIAL measurements.

Equations (7)

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P ( R , t ) = C exp [ 2 R α ( R ) ] β ( R ) Ω COH ( R , t ) ,
ρ ( R , Δ R ) = 1 2 K Δ R ln [ δ P ( R , Δ R ) ] ,
δ P ( R , Δ R ) = P on ( R Δ R 2 ) P off ( R + Δ R 2 ) P on ( R + Δ R 2 ) P off ( R Δ R 2 ) .
σ ρ 2 ( R ) = 1 4 K 2 ρ ¯ 2 ( Δ R ) 2 σ δ P 2 ( R , Δ R ) ,
σ δ P 2 ( R , Δ R ) = σ P on 2 ( R Δ R 2 ) + σ P off 2 ( R Δ R 2 )
+ σ P on 2 ( R + Δ R 2 ) + σ P off 2 ( R + Δ R 2 ) O ( R ) .
O ( R ) = 2 C P on ( R Δ R 2 , R + Δ R 2 ) + 2 C P off ( R Δ R 2 , R + Δ R 2 ) + O 2 ( R ) .
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