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New slant on photonic crystal fibers

Hong C. Nguyen, Peter Domachuk, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Michael J. Steel, Martin Straub, Min Gu, and Mikhail Sumetsky

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present the novel use of microstructured optical fibers not as “light-pipes”, but in a transverse geometry to manipulate the light propagating across the fiber. Fundamental and higher-order bandgaps were observed experimentally in this geometry using a number of techniques. The comparison of the measured spectra with photonic band structure and Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations provide strong evidence that the spectral features are a result of the periodic nature of the fiber microstructure in the transverse direction.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the PCF in the transverse geometry, where the light propagates across the fiber. Inset shows an SEM micrograph of the PCF microstructure.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A schematic of the FTIR setup (a) and the focal plane used in the reflection and transmission measurements (b). A schematic of the OSA setup (c) and the image through the CCD camera (d) is also shown.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Band structure along Γ-M axis, for TM (left) and TE (right) polarizations. Solid and dashed lines indicate bands corresponding to modes with even and odd spatial parity, respectively. The horizontal, rectangular shades indicate partial photonic bandgaps.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) illustrates off-axis and out-of-plane incidence (left); and the path AB along which band structure is calculated for off-axis incidence (right). Band diagrams for 20° incidence in the off-axis and out-of-plane dimensions are shown in (b). Dark, horizontal shades indicate bandgaps predicted for this incident angle. The lighter, wider shades indicate the superposition of the bandgaps predicted for each incident angle in the range 12–27 °.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. FDTD simulation geometry used to measurements.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. FTIR transmission and reflection spectra of the PCF, superimposed with predicted bandgaps. The dark band indicates the predicted bandgap for the beam incident on the structure at 20° from the Γ-M axis. The lighter-shaded, wider band indicates the superposition of the bandgaps predicted for each incident angle within the 12–27° range.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Experimental and simulated transmission spectra for the OSA setup, for TM (left) and TE (right) polarizations. It shows the experimentally measured spectra (top), and the spectra simulated using the ideal (middle) and real (bottom) hole structures. Vertical bands represent predicted bandgaps.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Comparison between the simulated spectra of the hexagonal PC structure and the rectangular slab, along the Γ-M axis. Inset on the right shows a time-slice of the hex and slab structure simulations.

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