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Application of an ARROW model for designing tunable photonic devices

Natalia M. Litchinitser, Steven C. Dunn, Paul E. Steinvurzel, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Thomas P. White, Ross C. McPhedran, and C. Martijn de Sterke

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Microstructured optical fibers with the low refractive index core surrounded by high refractive index cylindrical inclusions reveal several intriguing properties. Firstly, there is a guiding regime in which the fibers’ confinement loss is strongly dependent of wavelength. In this regime, the positions of loss maxima are largely determined by the individual properties of high index inclusions rather than their position and number. Secondly, the spectra of these fibers can be tuned by changing the refractive index of the inclusions. In this paper we review transmission properties of these fibers and discuss their potential applications for designing tunable photonic devices.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (2)

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) MOF with low-index core and high-index inclusions, (b) Corresponding cross-section of the refractive index profile along x axis, (c) Planar optical waveguide with low-index core and high-index layers.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) A schematic of a waveguide, (b) Corresponding transmission spectrum at a distance of 5cm in z direction, (c) Electric field profile at a distance of 5cm at the wavelength corresponding to high transmission (1) and a transmission minimum (2), (d) Electric field oscillations inside the high-index layer.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Comparison of MOF loss properties with forward-to-backward scattering ratio for the plane wave scattering on a single cylinder.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Upper plot shows the effective refractive index of the modes of the high-index layer as a function of the wavelength. Lower plot shows the effective refractive index of the mode propagating in the low-index core of the entire ARROW structure. Vertical dashed lines correspond to the modal cutoffs.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Transmission minimum (m=10) for different values of n2, for fixed values of n1=1.4, d=3.437µm. (b) Comparison of the analytical predictions and the numerical simulations for the location of the transmission minimum.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of MOF with a micro-heater. MOF air-holes are filled with a high-index material whose refractive index n2 changes with temperature T, (b) Longitudinal component of Poynting vector Sz for the lowest order MOF mode in transmission mode (n=1.8) and in filter mode (n=1.775) along with x cross section of Sz.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) MOF profile used in BPM simulations, (b) Transmission spectra at z=1 mm, (c) (1446 KB) Evolution of the beam profile in MOF with n2=1.8 (the frame shows output beam profile at z=1 mm), (d) (1446 KB) Evolution of the beam profile in MOF with n2=1.775 (the frame shows output beam profile at z=1 mm).

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Equations (8)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

λ m = 2 d m n 2 2 − n 1 2 , where m = 1 , 2 , …
v g = c n 2 2 β k 1 1 − 2 Δ ( 1 − η )
J 0 ( k t d ⁄ 2 ) = 0 .
J 1 ( k t d ⁄ 2 ) = 0 .
λ m = 2 d n 2 2 − n 1 2 m + 1 ⁄ 2 , m = 1 , 2 , …
k t d J 0 ( k t d ⁄ 2 ) 2 J 1 ( k t d ⁄ 2 ) = 2 Δ 1 − 2 Δ .
4 Δ 1 1 − 2 Δ k t d ≪ 1 .
Δ λ m = 2 d ( n 2 2 ( T 2 ) − n 1 2 − n 2 2 ( T 1 ) − n 1 2 ) { m − 1 ( m + 1 ⁄ 2 ) − 1 ,

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