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Investigation of self-phase modulation based optical regeneration in single mode As2Se3 chalcogenide glass fiber

L. B. Fu, M. Rochette, V. G. Ta’eed, D. J. Moss, and B. J. Eggleton

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We investigate the feasibility of all-optical regeneration based on self-phase modulation in single mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber. By combining the chalcogenide fiber with a bandpass filter, we achieve a near step-like power transfer function with no pulse distortion. The device is shown to operate with 5.8 ps duration pulses, thus demonstrating the feasibility of this device operating with high bit-rate data signals. These results are achieved with pulse peak powers <10 W in a fully passive device, including only 2.8 m of chalcogenide fiber. We obtain an excellent agreement between theory and experiment and show that both the high nonlinearity of the chalcogenide glass along with its high normal dispersion near 1550 nm enables a significant device length reduction in comparison with silica-based devices, without compromise on the performance. We find that even for only a few meters of fiber, the large normal dispersion of the chalcogenide glass inhibits spectral oscillations that would appear with self-phase modulation alone. We measure the two photon absorption attenuation coefficient and find that it advantageously affects the device transfer function.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Principle of device operation. At low intensities, pulses experience little SPM induced spectral broadening and so are removed by the offset bandpass filter. At high intensities, input signal pulses experience large SPM induced spectral broadening and are transmitted through the (offset) bandpass filter. The resulting nonlinear transfer function can be used to regenerate the pulses. The large n 2 in chalcogenide fiber enables operation with less than 3 m of nonlinear fiber.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental configuration for demonstrating optical regeneration. PC - polarization controller, EDFA - erbium doped fiber amplifier, VOA - variable optical attenuator, BPF -bandpass filter, OSA - optical spectrum analyzer and AC - pulse autocorrelator.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Regenerator spectra. (a–f) Measured and theoretical SPM broadened pulse spectra with increasing coupled peak power. (g) The bandpass filter transmission spectrum, offset by 1.3nm from the input centre wavelength, and with a 3 dB bandwidth of 70 GHz. (h) Output pulse spectrum at the same power level as in (f). Inset in (h) shows pulse autocorrelation. Pulse width was calculated to be 5.9 ps.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Regenerator transfer function for a filter offset of 1.35 nm. Experiment compared to theory, with and without two photon absorption.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Fiber transfer function (average power), measured with 5.8 ps pulses, clearly showing the effects of nonlinear absorption. Theoretical curves are calculated with and without the effects of TPA considered. (b) Pulse spectra for a peak power of 63 W. Theoretical curves are calculated with and without the effects of TPA loss.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Pulse spectra at 8 W peak power (a) and regenerator transfer function (b) calculated with and without the effect of dispersion.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Regenerator parameters

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Equations (1)

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L OPT ≅ 2.4 × L D N ,

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