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Optimization of dual-core and microstructure fiber geometries for dispersion compensation and large mode area

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Abstract

We investigate dual concentric core and microstructure fiber geometries for dispersion compensation. Dispersion values as large as -59 000 ps/(nm km) are achieved, over a broad wavelength range with full width at half maximum exceeding 100 nm. The trade-off between large dispersion and mode area is studied. Geometries with an effective mode area of 30µm2 and dispersion -19 000 ps/(nm km) and 80µm2 with -1600 ps/(nm km) are proposed.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The studied geometries: microstructure fibers (a)–(c) and the dual-core fiber (d). The refractive index of the core (black) is varied in each geometry. In (a)–(c) the material of the fiber (grey) is silica and the refractive index is 1.444. The cladding is formed by air holes (white). One ring of air holes is used as a defect layer. In (a) the ring of air holes is removed. In (b) and (c) the radius of the holes is reduced to r=0.19P and r=0.3P, respectively. In the dual core geometry (d) white represents refractive index 1.2114 (the average index of the cladding of the microstucture fiber), black is the core, and grey is the outer core. Three values for the outer core refractive index are considered: 1.444, 1.3859, and 1.299. They correspond to the average values of the defect rings of the microstructure fibers in (a)–(c), respectively. The color coding of the different geometries used in Fig. 4 is shown next to the figures. Dual core fibers are represented by dashed curves with the same colors than the corresponding microstructure fibers.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Effective index of three lowest energy fiber modes. Two lowest energy modes are degenerate (dashed curve). (b) Dispersion parameter calculated from the third mode [solid curve in (a)]. Geometry of the fiber is depicted in Fig. 1(a). The refractive index of the fiber core is ncore =1.753 and the period of the cladding lattice is P=1.163 µm.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. At short wavelengths the eigenmodes of the microstructure fiber (a) and the dual-core fiber (c) are confined to the fiber core and at long wavelengths to the cladding defect (b) and outer core (d), respectively.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Largest value of the negative dispersion parameter D for the different geometries as a function of the refractive index of the core ncore . (b) The effective areas A eff of the eigenmodes at the wavelength λ=1.55µm at which the mode changes from the inner core to the outer core. (c) Periods P of the microstructure fibers. The value of the period is adjusted so as to get the largest negative dispersion for the wavelength λ=1.55µm. (d) The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the negative dispersion. The color coding of the curves is explained in Fig. 1. Solid blue curve represents the geometry of Fig. 1(a), red curve represents (b), and black curve (c). The dashed curves represent dual-core geometries: blue dashed curve has outer core index 1.444, red 1.3859, and black 1.299. Thus the colors indicate the microstructure geometry and the corresponding average dual-core geometry.

Equations (2)

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D = λ c d 2 n eff d λ 2 ,
A eff = [ I ( r ) d r ] 2 I 2 ( r ) d r ,
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