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Experimental analysis of ultrashort pulse propagation in optical fibers around zero-dispersion region using cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating

Norihiko Nishizawa and Toshio Goto

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Ultrashort pulse propagation at λ=1.55µm in polarization maintaining dispersion shifted fiber is experimentally analyzed using cross-correlated frequency resolved optical gating (X-FROG). The generated soliton pulse is picked out with the spectral filter and is used as the probe pulse. The temporal distributions of the spectral components in the generated pulses are observed. The initial process of the pulse breakup is directly observed for the first time. The results of X-FROG traces are in agreement with the measured cross-correlation traces and the optical spectra. It is shown that the generated soliton pulse and the anti-stokes pulse are partially overlapped and almost copropagate along the fiber.

©2001 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, “Compact system of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 325–327 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  2. N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  3. N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
    [Crossref]
  5. T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
    [Crossref]
  6. F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, “Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift,” Opt. Lett. 11, 659–661 (1986).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. J. P. Gordon, “Theory of the soliton self-frequency shift,” Opt. Lett. 11, 662–664 (1986).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
    [Crossref]
  9. P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
    [Crossref]
  10. R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  11. J. M. Dudley, L. P. Barry, P. G. Bollond, J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, and P. D. Drummond, “Direct measurement of pulse distortion near the zero-dispersion wavelength in an optical fiber by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Opt. Lett. 22, 457–459 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. F. G. Omenetto, B. P. Luce, D. Yarotski, and A. J. Taylor, “Observation of chirped soliton dynamics at λ=1.55 µm in a single-mode optical fiber with frequency-resolved optical gating,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1392–1394 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  13. S. Linden, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen, “Amplitude and phase characterization of weak blue ultrashort pulses by downconversion,” Opt. Lett. 24, 569–571 (1999).
    [Crossref]

2000 (1)

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
[Crossref]

1999 (5)

N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, “Compact system of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 325–327 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
[Crossref]

F. G. Omenetto, B. P. Luce, D. Yarotski, and A. J. Taylor, “Observation of chirped soliton dynamics at λ=1.55 µm in a single-mode optical fiber with frequency-resolved optical gating,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1392–1394 (1999).
[Crossref]

S. Linden, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen, “Amplitude and phase characterization of weak blue ultrashort pulses by downconversion,” Opt. Lett. 24, 569–571 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (2)

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. M. Dudley, L. P. Barry, P. G. Bollond, J. D. Harvey, R. Leonhardt, and P. D. Drummond, “Direct measurement of pulse distortion near the zero-dispersion wavelength in an optical fiber by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Opt. Lett. 22, 457–459 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1987 (2)

B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
[Crossref]

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

1986 (2)

Barry, L. P.

Beaud, P.

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
[Crossref]

Bollond, P. G.

DeLong, K. W.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Drummond, P. D.

Dudley, J. M.

Fittinghoff, D. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Giessen, H.

Gordon, J. P.

Goto, T.

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, “Compact system of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 325–327 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Harvey, J. D.

Hodel, W.

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
[Crossref]

Hori, T.

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Kane, D. J.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Krumbugel, M. A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Kuhl, J.

Leonhardt, R.

Linden, S.

Luce, B. P.

Mitschke, F. M.

Mollenauer, L. F.

Nagai, S.

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Nishizawa, N.

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, “Compact system of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 325–327 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Okamura, R.

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
[Crossref]

Omenetto, F. G.

Richman, B. A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Sweetser, J. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Taylor, A. J.

Trebino, R.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Weber, H. P.

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

Yarotski, D.

Yoshida, M.

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Zysset, B.

B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
[Crossref]

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

B. Zysset, P. Beaud, and W. Hodel, “Generation of optical solitons in the wavelength region 1.37–1.49 µm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1027–1029 (1987).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

P. Beaud, W. Hodel, B. Zysset, and H. P. Weber, “Ultrashort pulse propagation, pulse breakup, and fundamental soliton formation in a single-mode optical fiber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23, 1938–1946 (1987).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

N. Nishizawa and T. Goto, “Compact system of wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 325–327 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 421–423 (1999).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (2)

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Analysis of widely wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using optical fibers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4768–4771 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. Nishizawa, R. Okamura, and T. Goto, “Widely wavelength tunable ultrashort soliton pulse and anti-stokes pulse generation for wavelengths of 1.32–1.75 µm,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L409–L411 (2000),.
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (5)

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

T. Hori, N. Nishizawa, S. Nagai, M. Yoshida, and T. Goto, “Electronically controlled high-speed wavelength tunable femtosecond soliton pulse generation using acoustooptic modulator,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.13, (2001) in printing.
[Crossref]

Supplementary Material (1)

Media 1: MOV (38 KB)     

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Figures (5)
Fig.1
Fig.1 Experimental setup of X-FROG measurement at the output of the optical fibers. The stokes pulse is picked out using the spectral filter and is used as the probe pulse

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Fig.2
Fig.2 Measured (a) optical spectrum and (b) auto-correlation trace of the laser output pulse.

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Fig.3
Fig.3 Observed (a) optical spectra, (b) cross-correlation trace, and (c) X-FROG trace for the output of 4 m length of PM-DSF. The inset in (c) shows the measured SHG-FROG trace of the probe pulse. The measured delay time in PM-DSF is also shown in (a).

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Fig.4
Fig.4 Movie of the observed X-FROG traces for initial process of pulse breakup when the fiber length is changed from 2 to 5 m at interval of 1 m. The fiber input power is fixed at 24 mW. (189K)

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Observed X-FROG traces and the corresponding optical spectra and cross correlation traces. (a)–(c) fiber length is 10 m and input power is 24 mW, (d)–(f) fiber length is 180 m and fiber input power is 20 mW. In the X-FROG traces (d) for 180 m fiber, since the delay time is as large as 200 ps, only the observed traces of soliton and anti-stokes pulses are shown. The cross correlation trace in (f) corresponds to the bottom of the soliton pulse and the anti-stokes pulses.

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