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Zero-dispersion wavelength decreasing photonic crystal fibers for ultraviolet-extended supercontinuum generation

A. Kudlinski, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, J. C. Travers, A. B. Rulkov, S. V. Popov, and J. R. Taylor

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers with a continuously-decreasing zero-dispersion wavelength along their length. These tapered fibers are designed to extend the generation of supercontinuum spectra from the visible into the ultraviolet. We report on their performance when pumped with both nanosecond and picosecond sources at 1.064 µm. The supercontinuum spectra have a spectral width (measured at the 10 dB points) extending from 0.372 µm to beyond 1.75 µm. In an optimal configuration a flat (3 dB) spectrum from 395 to 850 nm, with a minimum spectral power density of 2 mW/nm was achieved, with a total continuum output power of 3.5 W. We believe that the shortest wavelengths were generated by cascaded four-wave mixing: the continuous decrease of the zero dispersion wavelength along the fiber length enables the phase-matching condition to be satisfied for a wide range of wavelengths into the ultraviolet, while simultaneously increasing the nonlinear coefficient of the fiber.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. SEM of fiber 1 cross section at the smallest core end.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Evolution of the core diameter and of λ0 (inset) as a function of fiber length for fiber 1 (a) and fiber 2 (b).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Output spectra recorded for various lengths of fiber 1 pumped with nanosecond pulses. The sharp peak visible around 800 nm in the blue curve is leakage from the diode pump source for the microchip laser.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Shortest wavelength of the nanosecond pumped supercontinuum versus length of fiber 1, pumped from the larger core end.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Spectra taken at various cutback lengths of fiber 2 with picosecond pumping. The spectra are normalized to the total output power of the continuum.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Shortest wavelength (blue circles) and total power (red triangles) of the generated supercontinuum versus length of fiber 2 from the larger core end, for picosecond pulse pumping.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Spectral power density in the visible spectral region for picosecond pumping of 1 m of fiber 2.

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