Threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber

V. I. Kovalev; R. G. Harrison

doi:10.1364/OE.15.017625

Abstract

We show that in optical fiber the threshold exponential gain, G_th, for stimulated Brillouin scattering initiated by spontaneous Brillouin scattering is functionally and strongly dependent on the material, length and numerical aperture of the fiber and the pump wavelength. For silica fiber we show that the value of G_th at λ≅1 µm ranges from as low as ~5 in long fiber (≥ few kms) to ~10–12 in fibers of ~100 m length and ~20–23 for very short fibers (<10 cm).

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References

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Year
Author
Publication

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]
R. G. Smith, “Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering,” Appl. Opt. 11, 2489–2494 (1972).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Liem, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “100-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1537–1539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]
Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Ya. Zel’dovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov. Principles of Phase Conjugation, (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1985).
D. Cotter, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Commun. 4, 10–19 (1982).
X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]
A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]
R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin, “Observation of strong stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber,” Opt. Express 13, 10266–10271 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
C. L. Tang, “Saturation and spectral characteristics of the Stokes emission in the stimulated Brillouin process,” J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2945–2955 (1966).
[Crossref]
I. L. Fabelinskii, Molecular Scattering of Light, (Plenum Press, NY, 1968).
V. I. Kovalev, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum,” J. of Russian Laser Research, 23, 13–30 (2002).
[Crossref]
J. A. Moon and D. T. Schaafsma, “Chalcogenide fibers: An overview of selected applications,” Fiber Integr. Opt. 19, 201–210 (2000).
[Crossref]
V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Observation of inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1879–1882 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Le Floch and P. Cambon, “Theoretical evaluation of the Brillouin threshold and the steady-state Brillouin equations in standard single-mode optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 1132–1137 (2003).
[Crossref]
A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]
V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Waveguide-induced inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2022–2024 (2002).
[Crossref]
A. L. Gaeta, “Stochastic and deterministic fluctuations in stimulated Brillouin scattering,” PhD Thesis, (Rochester, NY, 1990).

2007 (1)

R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (2)

K. S. Abedin, “Observation of strong stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber,” Opt. Express 13, 10266–10271 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (2)

A. Liem, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “100-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1537–1539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Le Floch and P. Cambon, “Theoretical evaluation of the Brillouin threshold and the steady-state Brillouin equations in standard single-mode optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 1132–1137 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (3)

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Waveguide-induced inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2022–2024 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. I. Kovalev, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum,” J. of Russian Laser Research, 23, 13–30 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

J. A. Moon and D. T. Schaafsma, “Chalcogenide fibers: An overview of selected applications,” Fiber Integr. Opt. 19, 201–210 (2000).
[Crossref]

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Observation of inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1879–1882 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (1)

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

1990 (1)

R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1982 (1)

D. Cotter, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Commun. 4, 10–19 (1982).

1972 (1)

R. G. Smith, “Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering,” Appl. Opt. 11, 2489–2494 (1972).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1966 (1)

C. L. Tang, “Saturation and spectral characteristics of the Stokes emission in the stimulated Brillouin process,” J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2945–2955 (1966).
[Crossref]

1964 (1)

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]

Abedin, K. S.

K. S. Abedin, “Observation of strong stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber,” Opt. Express 13, 10266–10271 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bigelow, M. S.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Boyd, R. W.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cambon, P.

S. Le Floch and P. Cambon, “Theoretical evaluation of the Brillouin threshold and the steady-state Brillouin equations in standard single-mode optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 1132–1137 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chiao, R. Y.

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]

Chowdhury, D. Q.

A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chraplyvy, A. R.

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

Cotter, D.

D. Cotter, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Commun. 4, 10–19 (1982).

Darmanyan, S. A.

A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]

Delavaux, J.-M.

A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]

Derosier, R. M.

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

Fabelinskii, I. L.

I. L. Fabelinskii, Molecular Scattering of Light, (Plenum Press, NY, 1968).

Gaeta, A. L.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. L. Gaeta, “Stochastic and deterministic fluctuations in stimulated Brillouin scattering,” PhD Thesis, (Rochester, NY, 1990).

Gauthier, D. J.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Harrison, R. G.

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Waveguide-induced inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2022–2024 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Observation of inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1879–1882 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

Jenkins, R. B.

R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]

Jopson, R. M.

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

Joseph, R. I.

R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kobyakov, A.

A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kovalev, V. I.

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Waveguide-induced inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2022–2024 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. I. Kovalev, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum,” J. of Russian Laser Research, 23, 13–30 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Observation of inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1879–1882 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lu, W.

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mao, X. P.

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

Moon, J. A.

J. A. Moon and D. T. Schaafsma, “Chalcogenide fibers: An overview of selected applications,” Fiber Integr. Opt. 19, 201–210 (2000).
[Crossref]

Narum, P.

R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Okawachi, Y.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pilipetsky, N. F.

B. Ya. Zel’dovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov. Principles of Phase Conjugation, (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1985).

Rzazewski, K.

R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schaafsma, D. T.

J. A. Moon and D. T. Schaafsma, “Chalcogenide fibers: An overview of selected applications,” Fiber Integr. Opt. 19, 201–210 (2000).
[Crossref]

Schweinsberg, A.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sharping, J. E.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shkunov, V. V.

B. Ya. Zel’dovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov. Principles of Phase Conjugation, (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1985).

Smith, R. G.

R. G. Smith, “Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering,” Appl. Opt. 11, 2489–2494 (1972).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sova, R. M.

R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]

Stoicheff, B. P.

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]

Tang, C. L.

C. L. Tang, “Saturation and spectral characteristics of the Stokes emission in the stimulated Brillouin process,” J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2945–2955 (1966).
[Crossref]

Tkach, R. W.

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

Toulouse, J.

A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]

Townes, C. H.

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]

Tünnermann, A.

A. Liem, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “100-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1537–1539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yeniay, A.

A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yu, D.

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zel’dovich, B. Ya.

B. Ya. Zel’dovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov. Principles of Phase Conjugation, (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1985).

Zellmer, H.

A. Liem, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “100-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1537–1539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhu, Z.

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt. (1)

R. G. Smith, “Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering,” Appl. Opt. 11, 2489–2494 (1972).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fiber Integr. Opt. (1)

J. A. Moon and D. T. Schaafsma, “Chalcogenide fibers: An overview of selected applications,” Fiber Integr. Opt. 19, 201–210 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

X. P. Mao, R. W. Tkach, A. R. Chraplyvy, R. M. Jopson, and R. M. Derosier, “Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 66–69 (1992).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

C. L. Tang, “Saturation and spectral characteristics of the Stokes emission in the stimulated Brillouin process,” J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2945–2955 (1966).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

A. Yeniay, J.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse, “Spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1425–1432 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. B. Jenkins, R. M. Sova, and R. I. Joseph, “Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 763–770 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. of Russian Laser Research (1)

V. I. Kovalev, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum,” J. of Russian Laser Research, 23, 13–30 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Commun. (1)

D. Cotter, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” J. Opt. Commun. 4, 10–19 (1982).

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

S. Le Floch and P. Cambon, “Theoretical evaluation of the Brillouin threshold and the steady-state Brillouin equations in standard single-mode optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 1132–1137 (2003).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (2)

A. Kobyakov, S. A. Darmanyan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, “Exact analytical treatment of noise initiation of SBS in the presence of loss,” Opt. Commun. 260, 46–49 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. G. Harrison, V. I. Kovalev, W. Lu, and D. Yu, “SBS self-phase conjugation of CW Nd:YAG laser radiation in an optical fibre,” Opt. Commun. 163, 208–211 (1999).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

K. S. Abedin, “Observation of strong stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber,” Opt. Express 13, 10266–10271 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (2)

A. Liem, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “100-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1537–1539 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Waveguide-induced inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2022–2024 (2002).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. A (1)

R. W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum, “Noise initiation of stimulated Brillouin scattering,” Phys. Rev. A 42, 5514–5521 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

R. Y. Chiao, C. H. Townes, and B. P. Stoicheff. “Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 592–595 (1964).
[Crossref]

Y. Okawachi, M. S. Bigelow, J. E. Sharping, Z. Zhu, A. Schweinsberg, D. J. Gauthier, R. W. Boyd, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tunable all-optical delays via Brillouin slow light in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 153902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. I. Kovalev and R. G. Harrison, “Observation of inhomogeneous spectral broadening of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1879–1882 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (3)

I. L. Fabelinskii, Molecular Scattering of Light, (Plenum Press, NY, 1968).

B. Ya. Zel’dovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov. Principles of Phase Conjugation, (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1985).

A. L. Gaeta, “Stochastic and deterministic fluctuations in stimulated Brillouin scattering,” PhD Thesis, (Rochester, NY, 1990).

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Fig. 1. Dependence of G_th on ΘKL.

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Fig. 2. Dependence of G_th on λ in bulk silica.

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Fig. 3. Dependencies of G_th in silica fibers on (a) L for NA=0.2 and λ=1.06 µm, (b) NA for L=100 m and λ=1.06 µm, and (c) λ for L=100 m and NA=0.2.

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Tables (2)

Table 1. Calculated bulk G_th for some materials

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Table 2. Comparison of measured and calculated G_th in silica fibers

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Equations (7)

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I_{S} (0) = \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} I_{S} (0, ω) d ω,

- \frac{d I_{S} (z, ω)}{d z} = g (ω) I_{S} (z, ω) I_{p} (0) + I_{S}^{s p} (0, ω),

I_{S}^{s p} (0, ω) = I_{S}^{s p} (z, ω) = I_{p} (z) \frac{2 K Θ Γ}{π [{4 (ω - ω_{B})}^{2} + Γ^{2}]},

K = π^{2} k_{B} {T γ}^{2} ⁄ ρ ν^{2} λ^{4},

I_{S} (0, ω) = \frac{I_{S}^{s p} (0, ω)}{g (ω) I_{p} (0)} {\exp [g (ω) I_{p} (0) L] - 1} .

I_{S} (0) ≅ \frac{Θ K L}{G^{3 ⁄ 2}} I_{p} (0) \exp G,

G_{t h}^{3 ⁄ 2} e^{- G_{t h}} = 100 Θ K L .

Material	n	K, cm^-1	G_th
CS₂	1.6	9.4×10^-7	22.8
Benzene	1.48	4.4×10^-7	23.3
CCl₄	1.45	3.7×10^-7	23.7
Silica	1.46	6.5×10^-9	28
Ge-As-Se	2.8	~2×10^-6	~21

λ, µm	L _eff, m	ΘKL	G_th , exp	G_th , theor.
1.06	2400	1.7.10^-4	6.9±0.6	7.3
0.5145	81	2.1.10^-5	12.4 [21]	9.8
“	203	5.3.10^-5	11.4 [21]	8.6
0.5890	85	1.2.10^-5	12.5 [21]	10.1
“	269	3.8.10^-5	11.7 [21]	9.0

Material	n	K, cm^-1	G_th
CS₂	1.6	9.4×10^-7	22.8
Benzene	1.48	4.4×10^-7	23.3
CCl₄	1.45	3.7×10^-7	23.7
Silica	1.46	6.5×10^-9	28
Ge-As-Se	2.8	~2×10^-6	~21

λ, µm	L _eff, m	ΘKL	G_th , exp	G_th , theor.
1.06	2400	1.7.10^-4	6.9±0.6	7.3
0.5145	81	2.1.10^-5	12.4 [21]	9.8
“	203	5.3.10^-5	11.4 [21]	8.6
0.5890	85	1.2.10^-5	12.5 [21]	10.1
“	269	3.8.10^-5	11.7 [21]	9.0

Abstract

References

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