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High-dispersive mirrors for femtosecond lasers

V. Pervak, C. Teisset, A. Sugita, S. Naumov, F. Krausz, and A. Apolonski

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report on the development of highly dispersive mirrors for chirped-pulse oscillators (CPO) and amplifiers (CPA). In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the usability of highly dispersive multilayer mirrors for high-energy femtosecond oscillators, namely for i) a chirped-pulse Ti:Sa oscillator and ii) an Yb:YAG disk oscillator. In both cases a group delay dispersion (GDD) of the order of 2×104 fs2 was introduced, accompanied with an overall transmission loss as low as ~2 per cent. This unprecedented combination of high dispersion and low loss over a sizeable bandwidth with multilayer structures opens the prospects for femtosecond CPA systems equipped with a compact, alignment-insensitive all-mirror compressors providing compensation of GDD as well as higher-order dispersion.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The refractive index profile of HDMs. (a): HDM for Ti:Sa CPO, (b): for Yb:YAG oscillator.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The calculated GDD and reflectivity of HDMs. (a): HDM for Ti:sapphire CPO, (b): for Yb:YAG oscillator.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Change in the temporal profile of a 60-fs pulse by bouncing 20 times off the 800-nm HDM design shown in Fig. 2 (simulation). The red and the blue curves show the temporal intensity profile before and after the bounces, respectively. In the analysis, the nominal (average) value of the mirror GDD was disregarded with only the spectral ripples affecting propagation.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Error analysis of the 800-nm (a) and 1030-nm (b) HDM designs. The envelopes of the green error bars represent worst-case boundaries for of +/-1 nm errors in the physical thicknesses of the layers. The red line is the average of 100 curves with random +/-1 nm errors. The blue line plots the calculated GDD curve. Worst-case deviations appear to be comparable to the nominal value of the mean GDD.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The GDD (red) and group delay (GD, green) curves of two types of HDMs measured with white light interferometer. (a): a mirror for Ti:sapphire CPO, (b): a mirror for Yb:YAG oscillator.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. The penetration depth of spectral components into the HDM structure shown in Fig.1a. Light enters the structure from the left side.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a): Interferometric autocorrelation trace of 0.25-µJ pulses delivered by a Ti:Sa CPO and compressed via 20 bounces off the 800-nm HDMs presented above. (b): Intensity autocorrelation trace of 3.5-µJ pulses produced by an Yb:YAG disk oscillator.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. The highest value of negative GDD realized with magnetron sputtering of the layer materials Ta2O5, Nb2O5 and SiO2, as a function of the relative bandwidth, obtained at two different design wavelengths: 0.8 µm (blue dots) and 1 µm (red dots). Green circles mark the values realized with the HDMs described in this paper. The lines connecting the points serve as a guide to the eye.

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