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Comparison of thermal lensing effects between single-end and double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystals for 4F3/24I11/2 and 4F3/24I13/2 transitions

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Abstract

The effective focal lengths of thermal lens in diode-end-pumped continuous-wave Nd:YVO4 lasers for the 4F3/24I11/2 and 4F3/24I13/2 transitions were determined. The experimental results revealed that the thermal lensing effect for the 4F3/24I11/2 transition can be sufficiently improved by employing a single-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal replacing a conventional Nd:YVO4 crystal. However, using a double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal was a great improvement over a single-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal for the 4F3/24I13/2 transition with stronger thermal lensing effect.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup of a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 CW laser for measuring the effective focal length of thermal lens in the laser crystal.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The three types of laser crystal with different structures. (a) Conventional Nd:YVO4 crystal. (b) Diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal with single-end at its pumped facet (YVO4-Nd:YVO4). (c) Diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal with double-end (YVO4-Nd:YVO4-YVO4)
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Experimentally measured average CW output power of 1064 nm with respect to the cavity length for the three types of Nd:YVO4 laser crystal with an input pump power (a) Pin=10.4W (b) Pin=20.2W. The arrows indicate the locations of critical cavity length.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Experimentally measured average CW output power of 1342 nm with respect to the cavity length for the three types of Nd:YVO4 laser crystal with an input pump power (a) Pin=7.61W (b) Pin=16.4W. The arrows indicate the locations of critical cavity length.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The relationship between the effective focal length of thermal lens and the input pump power for three types of Nd:YVO4 crystal operated at (a) 1064 (b) 1342 nm. The symbols represent experimental data and the curves are theoretical fitted results.

Equations (3)

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1 f th = 1 d 2 + l ( 1 n 1 ) 1 r d 1
f th = π K ω p 2 ξ P in ( dn dT ) [ 1 1 exp ( α l a ) = C ω p 2 P in ]
α = 2 · N d ( mm 1 )

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