Abstract

We introduce and present general properties of hybrid terahertz waveguides. Weakly confined Zenneck waves on a metal-dielectric interface at terahertz frequencies can be transformed to a strongly confined yet low-loss subwavelength mode through coupling with a photonic mode of a nearby high-index dielectric strip. We analyze confinement, attenuation, and dispersion properties of this mode. The proposed design is suitable for planar integration and allows easy fabrication on chip scale. The superior waveguiding properties at terahertz frequencies could enable the hybrid terahertz waveguides as building blocks for terahertz integrated circuits.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, “Materials for terahertz science and technology,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 26–33 ( 2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  3. M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
    [Crossref]
  4. S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Single-mode waveguide propagation and reshaping of sub-ps terahertz pulses in sapphire fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(15), 1987–1989 ( 2000).
    [Crossref]
  5. L.-J. Chen, H.-W. Chen, T.-F. Kao, J.-Y. Lu, and C.-K. Sun, “Low-loss subwavelength plastic fiber for terahertz waveguiding,” Opt. Lett. 31(3), 308–310 ( 2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, “Plastic ribbon THz waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 88(7), 4449–4451 ( 2000).
    [Crossref]
  7. M. Nagel, A. Marchewka, and H. Kurz, “Low-index discontinuity terahertz waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(21), 9944–9954 ( 2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, “Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding,” Nature 432(7015), 376–379 ( 2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. R. Mendis, “Nature of subpicosecond terahertz pulse propagation in practical dielectric-filled parallel-plate waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 31(17), 2643–2645 ( 2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, “Undistorted guided-wave propagation of subpicosecond terahertz pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26(11), 846–848 ( 2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
    [Crossref]
  12. X. Shou, A. Agrawal, and A. Nahata, “Efficient Broadband Terahertz Microstrip Waveguide,” OSA CLEO/QELS CMM5 (2008).
  13. R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  14. B. G. Ghamsari and A. H. Majedi, “Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 083108 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  15. J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  17. M. Gong, T.-I. Jeon, and D. Grischkowsky, “THz surface wave collapse on coated metal surfaces,” Opt. Express 17(19), 17088–17101 ( 2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  19. J. A. Conway, S. Sahni, and T. Szkopek, “Plasmonic interconnects versus conventional interconnects: a comparison of latency, crosstalk and energy costs,” Opt. Express 15(8), 4474–4484 ( 2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. G. Gallot, S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Terahertz waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 851–863 ( 2000).
    [Crossref]
  21. V. R. Almeida, Q. Xu, C. A. Barrios, and M. Lipson, “Guiding and confining light in void nanostructure,” Opt. Lett. 29(11), 1209–1211 ( 2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

2008 (5)

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

B. G. Ghamsari and A. H. Majedi, “Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 083108 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

J. A. Conway, S. Sahni, and T. Szkopek, “Plasmonic interconnects versus conventional interconnects: a comparison of latency, crosstalk and energy costs,” Opt. Express 15(8), 4474–4484 ( 2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

2004 (3)

K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, “Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding,” Nature 432(7015), 376–379 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. R. Almeida, Q. Xu, C. A. Barrios, and M. Lipson, “Guiding and confining light in void nanostructure,” Opt. Lett. 29(11), 1209–1211 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, “Materials for terahertz science and technology,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 26–33 ( 2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

2000 (4)

R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, “Plastic ribbon THz waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 88(7), 4449–4451 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Single-mode waveguide propagation and reshaping of sub-ps terahertz pulses in sapphire fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(15), 1987–1989 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

G. Gallot, S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Terahertz waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 851–863 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Almeida, V. R.

Andrews, S. R.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Barrios, C. A.

Bartal, G.

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Bolivar, P. H.

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Brucherseifer, M.

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Burnett, A. D.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Byrne, M. B.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Chen, H.-W.

Chen, L.-J.

Conway, J. A.

Cunningham, J.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Davies, A. G.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Dazhang, L.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Ferguson, B.

B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, “Materials for terahertz science and technology,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 26–33 ( 2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fernández-Domínguez, A. I.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Gallot, G.

Garcia-Vidal, F. J.

J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

García-Vidal, F. J.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Genov, D. A.

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Ghamsari, B. G.

B. G. Ghamsari and A. H. Majedi, “Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 083108 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Gong, M.

Grischkowsky, D.

Jamison, S. P.

G. Gallot, S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Terahertz waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 851–863 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Single-mode waveguide propagation and reshaping of sub-ps terahertz pulses in sapphire fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(15), 1987–1989 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Jeon, T.-I.

Kao, T.-F.

Kurz, H.

M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

M. Nagel, A. Marchewka, and H. Kurz, “Low-index discontinuity terahertz waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(21), 9944–9954 ( 2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Lachab, M.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Linfield, E. H.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Lipson, M.

Lu, J.-Y.

Maier, S. A.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Majedi, A. H.

B. G. Ghamsari and A. H. Majedi, “Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 083108 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Marchewka, A.

Martín-Moreno, L.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

McGowan, R. W.

G. Gallot, S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Terahertz waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 851–863 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Single-mode waveguide propagation and reshaping of sub-ps terahertz pulses in sapphire fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(15), 1987–1989 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Mendis, R.

Mittleman, D. M.

K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, “Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding,” Nature 432(7015), 376–379 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nagel, M.

M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

M. Nagel, A. Marchewka, and H. Kurz, “Low-index discontinuity terahertz waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(21), 9944–9954 ( 2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

Oulton, R. F.

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Pendry, J. B.

J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pile, D. F.

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Pile, D. F. P.

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Sahni, S.

Sorger, V. J.

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Stringer, M. R.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Sun, C.-K.

Szkopek, T.

Tych, K.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Wächter, M.

M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

Wang, K.

K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, “Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding,” Nature 432(7015), 376–379 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Williams, C. R.

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Wood, C. D.

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Xu, Q.

Zhang, X.

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.-C.

B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, “Materials for terahertz science and technology,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 26–33 ( 2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

M. B. Byrne, J. Cunningham, K. Tych, A. D. Burnett, M. R. Stringer, C. D. Wood, L. Dazhang, M. Lachab, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using microstrip-line waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(18), 182904 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, P. H. Bolivar, and H. Kurz, “Label-free probing of the binding state of DNA by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(24), 4049–4051 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

S. P. Jamison, R. W. McGowan, and D. Grischkowsky, “Single-mode waveguide propagation and reshaping of sub-ps terahertz pulses in sapphire fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(15), 1987–1989 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

M. Wächter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, “Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(6), 061111 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (2)

B. G. Ghamsari and A. H. Majedi, “Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(8), 083108 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, “Plastic ribbon THz waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 88(7), 4449–4451 ( 2000).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

N. J. Phys. (1)

R. F. Oulton, G. Bartal, D. F. Pile, and X. Zhang, “Confinement and propagation characteristics of subwavelength plasmonic modes,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105018 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Nat. Mater. (1)

B. Ferguson and X.-C. Zhang, “Materials for terahertz science and technology,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 26–33 ( 2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics (2)

R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. A. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, “A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation,” Nat. Photonics 2(8), 496–500 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

C. R. Williams, S. R. Andrews, S. A. Maier, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, “Highly confined guiding of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on structured metal surfaces,” Nat. Photonics 2(3), 175–179 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, “Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding,” Nature 432(7015), 376–379 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Science (1)

J. B. Pendry, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, “Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces,” Science 305(5685), 847–848 ( 2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

X. Shou, A. Agrawal, and A. Nahata, “Efficient Broadband Terahertz Microstrip Waveguide,” OSA CLEO/QELS CMM5 (2008).

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic of a hybrid terahertz waveguide. Inset: metal microstrip waveguide.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 THz Guiding properties for 1-D hybrid structure at 1 THz. (a) Normalized mode area vs. gap, (b) Propagation length vs. gap, (c) Fraction of the mode power in the gap, (d), (e), (f) Normalized power distribution for gap d = 1 μm and core layer thickness t = 20 μm (d), for d = 20 μm and t = 20 μm (e), for d = 10 μm and t = 50 μm (f). The inset in (d) is a schematic of 1-D waveguide. The darker grey and lighter grey areas indicate metal (Au) layer and dielectric core layer, respectively. The black dotted lines are for PPWG.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Frequency-dependent characteristics of the 1-D hybrid structure with t = 20 μm, d = 0.5, 2, and 5 μm. (a) normalized mode area, (b) propagation length, (c) effective index, (d) group and phase velocities in the hybrid waveguide of t = 20 μm (e) group and phase velocities in the hybrid waveguide of t = 50 μm.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 THz Guiding properties for 2-D hybrid structure at 1 THz. (a) Normalized mode area vs. gap for w = 20, 40, and 60 μm. Inset: normalized mode area (A2/A0 ) defined by Eq. (2) vs. gap, (b) Propagation length vs. gap for w = 20, 40, and 60 μm. Inset: magnified view for dotted lines. Solid lines: hybrid waveguides, dotted lines: all-metal microstrip waveguides, (c),(d),(e) mode power distributions for w = 60, 40, and 20 μm, respectively with fixed t = 20 μm and d = 10 μm.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Frequency-dependent characteristics of the 2D hybrid waveguide with t = 20μm, w = 40μm, d = 0.5, 2, and 5μm. (a) Normalized mode area, (b) propagation length, (c) effective index, blue: d = 0.5 μm, green: d = 2 μm, red: d = 5 μm, (d) group and phase velocities, (e) group and phase velocities in the waveguide of t = 40 μm and w = 60 μm.

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Equations (4)

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L = 1 2 Im { β } ,
A 1 = [ ∫ | E ( r ) | 2   d A ] 2 ∫ | E ( r ) | 4   d A ,
A 2 = 1 max { W ( r ) } ∫ W ( r )   d A
W ( r ) = 1 2 Re { d [ ω ε ( r ) ] d ω } | E ( r ) | 2 + 1 2 μ 0 | H ( r ) | 2 .

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