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Suspended nanowires: Fabrication, design and characterization of fibers with nanoscale cores

Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, and Tanya M. Monro

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report a new approach for the fabrication of nanowires: the direct drawing of optical fibers with air suspended nanoscale cores. The fibers were made from lead silicate glass using the extrusion technique for preform and jacket tube fabrication. Fibers with core diameters in the range of 420–720 nm and practical outer diameters of 110–200 μm were produced, the smallest core sizes produced to date within optical fibers without tapering. We explored the impact of the core size on the effective mode area and propagation loss of these suspended nanowires relative to circular nanowires reported to date. As for circular nanowires, the propagation loss of these suspended nanowires is dominated by surface roughness induced scattering.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cross sectional images of preform and fiber, cross sectional structure of JASR configuration and definition of several cross sectional features.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Cross sectional images of preforms, canes and fibers made using F2 glass. The outer diameter of all three fibers is 125 μm. The measured core diameter for fibers #1, #2a and #2b is 1.6 μm, 1.4 μm and 0.48 μm, respectively.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Cross sectional images of the four fiber bands of fiber #2b. The values for the core size refer to the measured core diameter.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Effective mode area (Aeff) of an air suspended rod (ASR) made of F2 glass [27] with a circular core and suspended core fiber (SCF) with a triangular core: (a) as a function of the effective core diameter, (b) as a function of the ratio of effective core diameter to wavelength.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Loss spectra for the bare fiber and suspended core fibers #2a and #2b made using F2 glass. The data points refer to the bulk glass loss calculated using the transmission data given in the Schott catalogue [27]. Modeled confinement loss for the two smallest core diameter fibers are shown by dashed lines.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Contour plot of the JASR rair/reff ratios for which the confinement loss is <0.1 dB/m as a function of effective core diameter and wavelength. (b) JASR rair/reff ratios for which the confinement loss is <0.1 dB/m as a function of deff/λ, within the wavelength range of 500–1500 nm.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) Loss at 633 nm and 1550 nm for a range of nanowires (free-standing and suspended) having different size and made using different glasses. (b) Selected data sets for linear regression of the logarithm of the loss as a function of the logarithm of the effective core diameter.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1: Dimensions of the cross sectional features of preforms, canes and fibers made from F2 glass.

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