Abstract

Transfer of spectral phase from near infrared ultrashort pulses to deep ultraviolet (UV) sub-30-fs pulses through four-wave mixing process is demonstrated. Micro joule UV pulses at 237 nm were generated by nonlinear mixing of second harmonic pulses of Ti:sapphire laser output and near infrared pulses from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier. Chirp of the near infrared pulse was transfered to the UV pulse with the opposite sign. A positively chirped near infrared pulse was used for generating a negatively chirped UV pulse, which was compressed down to 25 fs by a magnesium fluoride window.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (3)

S. Weber, M. Barthelemy, and B. Chatel, “Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 98, 323–326 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Kida, J. Liu, T. Teramoto, and T. Kobayashi, “Sub-10 fs deep-ultraviolet pulses generated by chirped-pulse four-wave mixing,” Opt. Lett. 35, 1807–1809 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

D. Brida, S. Bonora, C. Manzoni, M. Marangoni, P. Villoresi, S. De Silvestri, and G. Cerullo, “Generation of 8.5-fs pulses at 1.3 µm for ultrabroadband pump-probe spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 17, 12510–12515 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Isaienko and E. Borguet, “Pulse-front matching of ultrabroadband near-infrared noncollinear optical parametric amplified pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 965–972 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (4)

2006 (4)

2005 (2)

S. Shimizu, Y. Nabekawa, M. Obara, and K. Midorikawa, “Spectral phase transfer for indirect phase control of sub-20-fs deep UV pulses,” Opt. Express 13, 6345–6353 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. E. Jailaubekov and S. E. Bradforth, “Tunable 30-femtosecond pulses across the deep ultraviolet,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 021107 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

Y. Nabekawa and K. Midorikawa, “Group-delay-dispersion-matched sum-frequency mixing for the indirect phase control of deep ultraviolet pulses in the sub-20-fs regime,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 569–581 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

T. Witte, K. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Femtosecond pulse shaping in the mid infrared by difference-frequency mixing,” Appl. Phys. B 76, 467–471 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (4)

A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, “Visible pulse compression to 4 fs by optical parametric amplification and programmable dispersion control,” Opt. Lett. 27, 306–308 (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-S. Tan, E. Schreiber, and W. S. Warren, “High-resolution indirect pulse shaping by parametric transfer,” Opt. Lett. 27, 439–441 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

2000 (2)

1999 (2)

1997 (1)

Aközbek, N.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Backus, S.

Baltuška, A.

Barthelemy, M.

S. Weber, M. Barthelemy, and B. Chatel, “Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 98, 323–326 (2010).
[Crossref]

Becker, A.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Beržanskis, A.

Bonora, S.

Borguet, E.

Bradforth, S. E.

A. E. Jailaubekov and S. E. Bradforth, “Tunable 30-femtosecond pulses across the deep ultraviolet,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 021107 (2005).
[Crossref]

Brida, D.

Brixner, T.

P. Nuernberger, G. Vogt, T. Brixner, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase,” Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2470–2497 (2007).

Cerullo, G.

Chatel, B.

S. Weber, M. Barthelemy, and B. Chatel, “Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 98, 323–326 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cheng, Z.

Chin, S. L.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cirmi, G.

Cogdell, R. J.

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Coudreau, S.

Danielius, R.

De Silvestri, S.

Dubietis, A.

Durfee, C. G.

Feurer, T.

Fuji, T.

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Generation of 12-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2481–2483 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, “Visible pulse compression to 4 fs by optical parametric amplification and programmable dispersion control,” Opt. Lett. 27, 306–308 (2002).
[Crossref]

Fuss, W.

K. Kosma, S. A. Trushin, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.11, 172–181 (2009).
[Crossref]

Gerber, G.

P. Nuernberger, G. Vogt, T. Brixner, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase,” Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2470–2497 (2007).

Gibson, G. N.

Guo, C.

Hacker, M.

Herek, J. L.

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Horio, T.

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Generation of 12-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2481–2483 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Isaienko, O.

Jailaubekov, A. E.

A. E. Jailaubekov and S. E. Bradforth, “Tunable 30-femtosecond pulses across the deep ultraviolet,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 021107 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kaplan, D.

Kapteyn, H. C.

Katsura, T.

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kida, Y.

Kobayashi, T.

Kompa, K.

T. Witte, K. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Femtosecond pulse shaping in the mid infrared by difference-frequency mixing,” Appl. Phys. B 76, 467–471 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kosma, K.

K. Kosma, S. A. Trushin, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.11, 172–181 (2009).
[Crossref]

Laude, V.

Li, M.

Liu, J.

Liu, W.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lochbrunner, S.

Lucza, T.

Manzoni, C.

Marangoni, M.

Mero, M.

Midorikawa, K.

S. Shimizu, Y. Nabekawa, M. Obara, and K. Midorikawa, “Spectral phase transfer for indirect phase control of sub-20-fs deep UV pulses,” Opt. Express 13, 6345–6353 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Nabekawa and K. Midorikawa, “Group-delay-dispersion-matched sum-frequency mixing for the indirect phase control of deep ultraviolet pulses in the sub-20-fs regime,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 569–581 (2004).
[Crossref]

Miura, S.

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Motzkus, M.

T. Witte, K. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Femtosecond pulse shaping in the mid infrared by difference-frequency mixing,” Appl. Phys. B 76, 467–471 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Murnane, M. M.

Nabekawa, Y.

S. Shimizu, Y. Nabekawa, M. Obara, and K. Midorikawa, “Spectral phase transfer for indirect phase control of sub-20-fs deep UV pulses,” Opt. Express 13, 6345–6353 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Nabekawa and K. Midorikawa, “Group-delay-dispersion-matched sum-frequency mixing for the indirect phase control of deep ultraviolet pulses in the sub-20-fs regime,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 569–581 (2004).
[Crossref]

Nibarger, J. P.

Nuernberger, P.

P. Nuernberger, G. Vogt, T. Brixner, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase,” Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2470–2497 (2007).

Obara, M.

Optiz, M.

Pearson, B. J.

Piskarskas, A.

Polli, D.

Riedle, E.

Sauerbrey, R.

Schmid, W. E.

K. Kosma, S. A. Trushin, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.11, 172–181 (2009).
[Crossref]

Schreiber, E.

Schriever, C.

Sekikawa, T.

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Serebryannikov, E. E.

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

Shimizu, S.

Spielmann, C.

Suzuki, T.

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Generation of 12-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2481–2483 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Suzuki, Y.

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Suzuki, Y.-I.

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Szabo, G.

Tan, H.-S.

Teramoto, T.

Théberge, F.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tournois, P.

Trushin, S. A.

K. Kosma, S. A. Trushin, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.11, 172–181 (2009).
[Crossref]

Tzankov, P.

Varanavicius, A.

Verluise, F.

Villoresi, P.

Vogt, G.

P. Nuernberger, G. Vogt, T. Brixner, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase,” Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2470–2497 (2007).

Warren, W. S.

Watanabe, S.

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weber, S.

S. Weber, M. Barthelemy, and B. Chatel, “Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 98, 323–326 (2010).
[Crossref]

Weinacht, T. C.

Weiner, A. M.

A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
[Crossref]

Witte, T.

T. Witte, K. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Femtosecond pulse shaping in the mid infrared by difference-frequency mixing,” Appl. Phys. B 76, 467–471 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wohlleben, W.

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zeidler, D.

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zheltikov, A.

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zheng, J.

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. B (3)

T. Witte, K. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Femtosecond pulse shaping in the mid infrared by difference-frequency mixing,” Appl. Phys. B 76, 467–471 (2003).
[Crossref]

S. Weber, M. Barthelemy, and B. Chatel, “Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 98, 323–326 (2010).
[Crossref]

Y. Nabekawa and K. Midorikawa, “Group-delay-dispersion-matched sum-frequency mixing for the indirect phase control of deep ultraviolet pulses in the sub-20-fs regime,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 569–581 (2004).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

A. E. Jailaubekov and S. E. Bradforth, “Tunable 30-femtosecond pulses across the deep ultraviolet,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 021107 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1)

T. Horio, T. Fuji, Y. Suzuki, and T. Suzuki, “Probing ultrafast internal conversion through conical intersection via time-energy map of photoelectron angular anisotropy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10392–10393 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Chem. Phys. (1)

Y.-I. Suzuki, T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of ultrafast S2 → S1 internal conversion through conical intersection in pyrazine,” J. Chem. Phys. 132, 174302 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2)

Nature (1)

J. L. Herek, W. Wohlleben, R. J. Cogdell, D. Zeidler, and M. Motzkus, “Quantum control of energy flow in light harvesting,” Nature 417, 533–535 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (11)

A. Varanavičius, A. Dubietis, A. Beržanskis, R. Danielius, and A. Piskarskas, “Near-degenerate cascaded four-wave mixing in an optical parametric amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1603–1605 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, “Visible pulse compression to 4 fs by optical parametric amplification and programmable dispersion control,” Opt. Lett. 27, 306–308 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. Cirmi, D. Brida, C. Manzoni, M. Marangoni, S. De Silvestri, and G. Cerullo, “Few-optical-cycle pulses in the near-infrared from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2396–2398 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Kida, J. Liu, T. Teramoto, and T. Kobayashi, “Sub-10 fs deep-ultraviolet pulses generated by chirped-pulse four-wave mixing,” Opt. Lett. 35, 1807–1809 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Tzankov, J. Zheng, M. Mero, D. Polli, C. Manzoni, and G. Cerullo, “300 µJ noncollinear optical parametric amplifier in the visible at 1 kHz repetition rate,” Opt. Lett. 31, 3629–3631 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. G. Durfee, S. Backus, H. C. Kapteyn, and M. M. Murnane, “Intense 8-fs pulse generation in the deep ultraviolet,” Opt. Lett. 24, 697–699 (1999).
[Crossref]

H.-S. Tan, E. Schreiber, and W. S. Warren, “High-resolution indirect pulse shaping by parametric transfer,” Opt. Lett. 27, 439–441 (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, “Generation of 12-fs deep-ultraviolet pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in neon gas,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2481–2483 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Schriever, S. Lochbrunner, M. Optiz, and E. Riedle, “19 fs shaped ultraviolet pulses,” Opt. Lett. 31, 543–545 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Verluise, V. Laude, Z. Cheng, C. Spielmann, and P. Tournois, “Amplitude and phase control of ultrashort pulses by use of an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter: pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Lett. 25, 575–577 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Coudreau, D. Kaplan, and P. Tournois, “Ultraviolet acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter laser pulse shaping in KDP,” Opt. Lett. 31, 1899–1901 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. (1)

P. Nuernberger, G. Vogt, T. Brixner, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase,” Phys. Chem. Phys. Chem. 9, 2470–2497 (2007).

Phys. Rev. A (1)

T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a multicolor filament,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, “Tunable ultrashort laser pulses generated through filamentation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Sekikawa, T. Katsura, S. Miura, and S. Watanabe, “Measurement of the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase of a high harmonic by frequency-resolved optical gating,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 193902 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

K. Kosma, S. A. Trushin, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.11, 172–181 (2009).
[Crossref]

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the entire system. WLG: white light generation, NOPA: noncollinear optical parametric amplifier, FWM: four-wave mixing. SHG: second harmonic generation.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Schematic of the NOPA. BS1: 70% transmission 30% reflection beam splitter, BS2: 90% transmission 10% reflection beam splitter, PS: periscope, PM1: f = 100 mm parabolic mirror, PM2: f = 50 mm parabolic mirror, WP: half wave plate, P: calcite polarizor, Sa.: sapphire plate, SF10: SF10 Brewster prism, ND: 10% transmission neutral density filter, FS: fused silica Brewster prism. Ratio of each telescope is mentioned.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic of four-wave mixing system. PS: periscope, FROG: dispersion-free transient grating FROG device, SF10: SF10 prism (apex angle 60°), FS: fused silica plate (t = 8 mm)

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Typical spectra of (a) UV and (b) VUV pulses generated through the four-wave mixing and the cascaded process, respectively.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Spectral phases of (a) UV and (b) corresponding NIR pulses. Intensity of each pulse is also shown as a dashed curve.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Group delay dispersions at center wavelengths of NIR (1200 nm) and UV (237 nm) pulses. Dotted lines show fitting results with lines.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) A typical FROG trace of UV pulse and (b) retrieved temporal profile. The FROG error was 0.0048.

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Equations (8)

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E ˜ fwm ( ω ) ∝ i ∬ d ω ′ d ω ″ E ˜ SHG ( ω ′ ) E ˜ SHG ( ω ″ ) E ˜ NIR * ( ω ′ + ω ″ − ω )
= i ∫ d Ω ′ E ˜ NIR * ( Ω ′ − ω ) E ˜ FHG ( Ω ′ ) ,
E ˜ fwm ( ω ) ∝ i E ˜ FHG E ˜ NIR * ( 2 ω SHG − ω ) .
ϕ NIR ( ω ) = ϕ NIR ( ω NIR ) + ( ω − ω NIR ) ϕ NIR ′ ( ω NIR )
+ 1 2 ( ω − ω NIR ) 2 ϕ NIR ″ ( ω NIR ) + 1 6 ( ω − ω NIR ) 3 ϕ NIR ‴ ( ω NIR ) + ⋯ ,
E ˜ NIR * ( 2 ω SHG − ω ) = ∣ E ˜ NIR ( 2 ω SHG − ω ) ∣ exp ( − i ϕ NIR ( 2 ω SHG − ω ) ) .
− ϕ ( 2 ω SHG − ω ) = − ϕ NIR ( ω NIR ) + ( ω − ω fwm ) ϕ NIR ′ ( ω NIR )
− 1 2 ( ω − ω fwm ) 2 ϕ NIR ″ ( ω NIR ) + 1 6 ( ω − ω fwm ) 3 ϕ NIR ‴ ( ω NIR ) + ⋯ ,

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