Theoretical and experimental studies on output characteristics of an intracavity KTA OPO

Fen Bai; Qingpu Wang; Zhaojun Liu; Xingyu Zhang; Xuebin Wan; Weixia Lan; Guofan Jin; Xutang Tao; Youxuan Sun

doi:10.1364/OE.20.000807

Optics Express
Vol. 20,
Issue 2,
pp. 807-815
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.000807

Theoretical and experimental studies on output characteristics of an intracavity KTA OPO

Fen Bai, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xingyu Zhang, Xuebin Wan, Weixia Lan, Guofan Jin, Xutang Tao, and Youxuan Sun

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Fen Bai, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xingyu Zhang, Xuebin Wan, Weixia Lan, Guofan Jin, Xutang Tao, and Youxuan Sun, "Theoretical and experimental studies on output characteristics of an intracavity KTA OPO," Opt. Express 20, 807-815 (2012)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Lasers (140.3460)
- Lasers, Q-switched (140.3540)
- Parametric oscillators and amplifiers (190.4970)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 10, 2011
- Revised Manuscript: November 21, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: November 22, 2011
- Published: January 3, 2012

Abstract

An acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YVO₄/KTiOAsO₄ (KTA) intracavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is efficiently realized in singly resonated scheme. With an end-pumping diode power of 25.9 W, output signal (1535 nm) power of 3.77 W and idler power (3467 nm) of 1.18 W are obtained at a pulse repetition rate of 50 kHz. A rate-equation model is set up to simulate the output power and time characteristics of both signal and idler waves. And both the numerical and experimental results show that the idler pulse width is shorter than the signal one in a singly resonant OPO.

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References

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Year
Author
Publication

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[Crossref] [PubMed]
V. Petrov, P. G. Schunemann, K. T. Zawilski, and T. M. Pollak, “Noncritical singly resonant optical parametric oscillator operation near 6.2 μm based on a CdSiP2 crystal pumped at 1064 nm,” Opt. Lett. 34(16), 2399–2401 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
V. Petrov, G. Marchev, P. G. Schunemann, A. Tyazhev, K. T. Zawilski, and T. M. Pollak, “Subnanosecond, 1 kHz, temperature-tuned, noncritical mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on CdSiP(2) crystal pumped at 1064 nm,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1230–1232 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. Wong, W.-J. Xie, Y. Lim, and E. Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express 8(13), 694–698 (2001), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-8-13-694 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. G. Miao, J. Y. Peng, B. S. Wang, and H. M. Tan, “Compact KTA-based intracavity optical parametric oscillator driven by a passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 laser,” Appl. Opt. 47(23), 4287–4291 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. L. Dong, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, K. J. Yang, J. L. Xu, C. H. Zuo, S. Zhao, G. Qiu, and Z. K. Liu, “High-power 1.5 and 3.4 μm intracavity KTA OPO driven by a diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser,” Opt. Commun. 282(8), 1668–1670 (2009).
[Crossref]
K. Zhong, J. Q. Yao, D. G. Xu, J. L. Wang, J. S. Li, and P. Wang, “High-pulse-energy high-efficiency mid-infrared generation based on KTA optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 100(4), 749–753 (2010).
[Crossref]
K. Zhong, J. S. Li, H. X. Cui, Y. Y. W. D. G. Xu, R. Zhou, J. L. Wang, P. Wang, and J. Q. Yao, “Low Threshold and High Conversion Efficiency Nanosecond Mid-Infrared KTA OPO,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 26(12), 124213 (2009).
[Crossref]
Q. B. Sun, H. J. Liu, N. Huang, C. Ruan, S. L. Zhu, and W. Zhao, “High energy and high efficiency 3.4 μm extracavity KTA optical parametric oscillator,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(1), 16–20 (2011).
[Crossref]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Wu, J. Kong, and Y. H. Shen, “High-efficiency semi-external-cavity-structured periodically poled MgLN-based optical parametric oscillator with output power exceeding 9.2 W at 3.82 microm,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1118–1120 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]
J. Falk, J. M. Yarborough, and E. O. Ammann, “Internal optical parametric oscillation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 7(7), 359–369 (1971).
[Crossref]
T. Debuisschert, J. Raffy, J.-P. Pocholle, and M. Papuchon, “Intracavity optical parametric oscillator: study of the dynamics in pulsed regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13(7), 1569–1587 (1996).
[Crossref]
Z. J. Liu, Q. P. Wang, X. Y. Zhang, Z. J. Liu, H. Wang, J. Chang, S. Z. Fan, W. J. Sun, G. F. Jin, X. T. Tao, S. J. Zhang, and H. J. Zhang, “Efficient acousto-optically Q-switched intracavity Nd:YAG/KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 92(1), 37–41 (2008).
[Crossref]
Y. F. Chen, S. W. Chen, S. W. Tsai, and Y. P. Lan, “Output optimization of a high-repetition-rate diode-pumped Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator at 1.57 μm,” Appl. Phys. B 77(5), 505–508 (2003).
[Crossref]
A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]
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H. Y. Zhu, G. Zhang, H. B. Chen, C. H. Huang, Y. Wei, Y. M. Duan, Y. D. Huang, H. Y. Wang, and G. Qiu, “High-efficiency intracavity Nd:YVO4\ KTA optical parametric oscillator with 3.6 W output power at 1.53 μm,” Opt. Express 17(23), 20669–20674 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-23-20669 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. T. Chang, Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, and Y. F. Chen, “Comparison of thermal lensing effects between single-end and double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystals for 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4I13/2 transitions,” Opt. Express 16(25), 21155–21160 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-25-21155 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]
K. S. Lai, R. F. Wu, and P. B. Phua, “Multiwatt KTiOPO4 optical parametric oscillators pumped within randomly and linearly polarized Nd:YAG laser cavities,” Proc. SPIE 3928, 43–51 (2000).
[Crossref]
X. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhao, Q. P. Wang, B. Ozygus, and H. Weber, “Modeling of diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1912–1918 (1999).
[Crossref]
Y. F. Chen, Y. P. Lan, and S. C. Wang, “Modeling of diode-end-pumped Q-switched solid-state lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19(7), 1558–1563 (2002).
[Crossref]
W. J. Sun, Q. P. Wang, Z. J. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, F. Bai, X. B. Wan, G. F. Jin, X. T. Tao, and Y. X. Sun, “High efficiency KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator within a diode-side-pumped two-rod Nd:YAG laser,” Appl. Phys. B 104(1), 87–91 (2011).
[Crossref]
S. H. Ding, X. Y. Zhang, Q. P. Wang, F. F. Su, P. Jia, S. T. Li, S. Z. Fan, J. Chang, S. S. Zhang, and Z. J. Liu, “Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Self-Raman Laser With Nd:YVO4 Crystal,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 927–933 (2006).
[Crossref]
A. V. Smith, SNLO nonlinear optics code, version 4.0, available from Sandia National Laboratories.

2011 (2)

Q. B. Sun, H. J. Liu, N. Huang, C. Ruan, S. L. Zhu, and W. Zhao, “High energy and high efficiency 3.4 μm extracavity KTA optical parametric oscillator,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(1), 16–20 (2011).
[Crossref]

W. J. Sun, Q. P. Wang, Z. J. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, F. Bai, X. B. Wan, G. F. Jin, X. T. Tao, and Y. X. Sun, “High efficiency KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator within a diode-side-pumped two-rod Nd:YAG laser,” Appl. Phys. B 104(1), 87–91 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (4)

K. Zhong, J. Q. Yao, D. G. Xu, J. L. Wang, J. S. Li, and P. Wang, “High-pulse-energy high-efficiency mid-infrared generation based on KTA optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 100(4), 749–753 (2010).
[Crossref]

B. Wu, J. Kong, and Y. H. Shen, “High-efficiency semi-external-cavity-structured periodically poled MgLN-based optical parametric oscillator with output power exceeding 9.2 W at 3.82 microm,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1118–1120 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Lippert, H. Fonnum, G. Arisholm, and K. Stenersen, “A 22-watt mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator with V-shaped 3-mirror ring resonator,” Opt. Express 18(25), 26475–26483 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-25-26475 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

V. Petrov, G. Marchev, P. G. Schunemann, A. Tyazhev, K. T. Zawilski, and T. M. Pollak, “Subnanosecond, 1 kHz, temperature-tuned, noncritical mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on CdSiP(2) crystal pumped at 1064 nm,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1230–1232 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (6)

V. Petrov, P. G. Schunemann, K. T. Zawilski, and T. M. Pollak, “Noncritical singly resonant optical parametric oscillator operation near 6.2 μm based on a CdSiP2 crystal pumped at 1064 nm,” Opt. Lett. 34(16), 2399–2401 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Marchev, A. Tyazhev, V. Vedenyapin, D. Kolker, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, J. J. Zondy, and V. Petrov, “Nd:YAG pumped nanosecond optical parametric oscillator based on LiInSe2 with tunability extending from 4.7 to 8.7 μm,” Opt. Express 17(16), 13441–13446 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-16-13441 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. L. Dong, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, K. J. Yang, J. L. Xu, C. H. Zuo, S. Zhao, G. Qiu, and Z. K. Liu, “High-power 1.5 and 3.4 μm intracavity KTA OPO driven by a diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser,” Opt. Commun. 282(8), 1668–1670 (2009).
[Crossref]

K. Zhong, J. S. Li, H. X. Cui, Y. Y. W. D. G. Xu, R. Zhou, J. L. Wang, P. Wang, and J. Q. Yao, “Low Threshold and High Conversion Efficiency Nanosecond Mid-Infrared KTA OPO,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 26(12), 124213 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. F. Peng, W. M. Wang, X. B. Wei, and D. M. Li, “High-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on PPMgO:CLN,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 2897–2899 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Y. Zhu, G. Zhang, H. B. Chen, C. H. Huang, Y. Wei, Y. M. Duan, Y. D. Huang, H. Y. Wang, and G. Qiu, “High-efficiency intracavity Nd:YVO4\ KTA optical parametric oscillator with 3.6 W output power at 1.53 μm,” Opt. Express 17(23), 20669–20674 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-23-20669 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (3)

Y. T. Chang, Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, and Y. F. Chen, “Comparison of thermal lensing effects between single-end and double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystals for 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4I13/2 transitions,” Opt. Express 16(25), 21155–21160 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-25-21155 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. J. Liu, Q. P. Wang, X. Y. Zhang, Z. J. Liu, H. Wang, J. Chang, S. Z. Fan, W. J. Sun, G. F. Jin, X. T. Tao, S. J. Zhang, and H. J. Zhang, “Efficient acousto-optically Q-switched intracavity Nd:YAG/KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 92(1), 37–41 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. G. Miao, J. Y. Peng, B. S. Wang, and H. M. Tan, “Compact KTA-based intracavity optical parametric oscillator driven by a passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 laser,” Appl. Opt. 47(23), 4287–4291 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (1)

S. H. Ding, X. Y. Zhang, Q. P. Wang, F. F. Su, P. Jia, S. T. Li, S. Z. Fan, J. Chang, S. S. Zhang, and Z. J. Liu, “Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Self-Raman Laser With Nd:YVO4 Crystal,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 927–933 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

Y. F. Chen, S. W. Chen, S. W. Tsai, and Y. P. Lan, “Output optimization of a high-repetition-rate diode-pumped Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator at 1.57 μm,” Appl. Phys. B 77(5), 505–508 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. S. Lai, R. F. Wu, and P. B. Phua, “Multiwatt KTiOPO4 optical parametric oscillators pumped within randomly and linearly polarized Nd:YAG laser cavities,” Proc. SPIE 3928, 43–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

X. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhao, Q. P. Wang, B. Ozygus, and H. Weber, “Modeling of diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1912–1918 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

T. Debuisschert, J. Raffy, J.-P. Pocholle, and M. Papuchon, “Intracavity optical parametric oscillator: study of the dynamics in pulsed regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13(7), 1569–1587 (1996).
[Crossref]

1971 (1)

J. Falk, J. M. Yarborough, and E. O. Ammann, “Internal optical parametric oscillation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 7(7), 359–369 (1971).
[Crossref]

1968 (1)

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of Optical Parametric Oscillation Internal to the Laser Cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 4(8), 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

Ammann, E. O.

J. Falk, J. M. Yarborough, and E. O. Ammann, “Internal optical parametric oscillation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 7(7), 359–369 (1971).
[Crossref]

Arisholm, G.

Bai, F.

Brue, A.

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

Chang, J.

Chang, Y. T.

Chen, H. B.

Chen, S. W.

Chen, Y. F.

Cui, H. X.

Debuisschert, T.

Ding, S. H.

Dong, X. L.

Duan, Y. M.

Dubois, A.

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

Falk, J.

J. Falk, J. M. Yarborough, and E. O. Ammann, “Internal optical parametric oscillation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 7(7), 359–369 (1971).
[Crossref]

Fan, S. Z.

Fonnum, H.

Ganikhanov, F.

Georges, P.

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

Harris, S. E.

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of Optical Parametric Oscillation Internal to the Laser Cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 4(8), 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

He, J. L.

Huang, C. H.

Huang, H. T.

Huang, N.

Huang, Y. D.

Huang, Y. P.

Isaenko, L.

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jia, P.

Jin, G. F.

Kolker, D.

Kong, J.

Lai, K. S.

Lan, Y. P.

Lau, E.

Lepine, T.

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

Li, D. M.

Y. F. Peng, W. M. Wang, X. B. Wei, and D. M. Li, “High-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on PPMgO:CLN,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 2897–2899 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, J. S.

Li, S. T.

Lim, Y.

Lippert, E.

Liu, H. J.

Liu, Z. J.

Liu, Z. K.

Lobanov, S.

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maffetone, J. P.

Marchev, G.

Miao, J. G.

Oshman, M. K.

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of Optical Parametric Oscillation Internal to the Laser Cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 4(8), 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

Ozygus, B.

X. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhao, Q. P. Wang, B. Ozygus, and H. Weber, “Modeling of diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1912–1918 (1999).
[Crossref]

Papuchon, M.

Peng, J. Y.

Peng, Y. F.

Y. F. Peng, W. M. Wang, X. B. Wei, and D. M. Li, “High-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on PPMgO:CLN,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 2897–2899 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Petrov, V.

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phua, P. B.

Pocholle, J.-P.

Pollak, T. M.

Qiu, G.

Raffy, J.

Ruan, C.

Ruderman, W.

Schunemann, P. G.

Shen, Y. H.

Stenersen, K.

Su, F. F.

Su, K. W.

Sun, Q. B.

Sun, W. J.

Sun, Y. X.

Tan, H. M.

Tao, X. T.

Tsai, S. W.

Tyazhev, A.

Vedenyapin, V.

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Victori, S.

A. Dubois, S. Victori, T. Lepine, P. Georges, and A. Brue, “High-repetition-rate eyesafe intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Phys. B 67(2), 181–183 (1998).
[Crossref]

Vodopyanov, K. L.

Wan, X. B.

Wang, B. S.

Wang, H.

Wang, H. Y.

Wang, J. L.

Wang, P.

Wang, Q. P.

X. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhao, Q. P. Wang, B. Ozygus, and H. Weber, “Modeling of diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1912–1918 (1999).
[Crossref]

Wang, S. C.

Wang, W. M.

Y. F. Peng, W. M. Wang, X. B. Wei, and D. M. Li, “High-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on PPMgO:CLN,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 2897–2899 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weber, H.

X. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhao, Q. P. Wang, B. Ozygus, and H. Weber, “Modeling of diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(12), 1912–1918 (1999).
[Crossref]

Wei, X. B.

Y. F. Peng, W. M. Wang, X. B. Wei, and D. M. Li, “High-efficiency mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on PPMgO:CLN,” Opt. Lett. 34(19), 2897–2899 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wei, Y.

Wong, H.

Wu, B.

Wu, R. F.

Xie, W.-J.

Xu, D. G.

Xu, J. L.

Xu, Y. Y. W. D. G.

Yang, K. J.

Yao, J. Q.

Yarborough, J. M.

J. Falk, J. M. Yarborough, and E. O. Ammann, “Internal optical parametric oscillation,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 7(7), 359–369 (1971).
[Crossref]

Yelisseyev, A.

J. J. Zondy, V. Vedenyapin, A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, and V. Petrov, “LiInSe2 nanosecond optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2460–2462 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zawilski, K. T.

Zhang, B. T.

Zhang, G.

Zhang, H. J.

Zhang, S. J.

Zhang, S. S.

Zhang, X. Y.

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Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the KTA IOPO: LD–laser diode; CL–coupling lens; RM–rear mirror; OC–output coupler (CaF₂); DM–dichroic mirror (CaF₂); AO– acousto-optical Q-switch; KTA–X-cut KTiOAsO₄ crystal.

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Fig. 2 Output power versus the incident diode power at different PRRs. (a) Signal. (b) Idler.

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Fig. 3 Comparison of the temporal shapes at the highest output power. (a) Experiment. (b) Theory. The upper ones are for the signal laser and the lower ones for the idler laser.

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Fig. 4 Comparison of the theoretical and experimental results at 50 kHz. (a) Pulse width. (b) Average output power. The symbols are experimental results and the lines are the theoretical results.

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Fig. 5 Optical spectra of the idler wave from the KTA OPO, and three-dimension beam profile of the idler wave (inset).

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Tables (1)

Table 1 Parameters for simulation

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Equations (12)

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\frac{d n (t)}{d t} = - γ c σ n (t) ϕ_{p} (t) - \frac{n (t)}{τ}

\frac{d ϕ_{p} (t)}{d t} = σ c \frac{l_{l c}}{l_{f}} n (t) ϕ_{p} (t) - g \frac{l_{k t a}}{l_{f}} ϕ_{p} (t) ϕ_{s} (t) - \frac{ϕ_{p} (t)}{τ_{l}}

\frac{d ϕ_{s} (t)}{d t} = g \frac{l_{k t a}}{l_{o p o}} ϕ_{p} (t) ϕ_{s} (t) - \frac{ϕ_{s} (t)}{τ_{s}}

τ_{j} = \frac{t_{r j}}{L_{j} + 1 n(\frac{1}{R_{j}})}

g = \frac{ℏ ω_{p} ω_{s} ω_{i d} d_{e f f}^{2} l_{k t a}}{ε_{0} c n_{p}^{2} n_{s}^{2} n_{i d}} (1 - \frac{α_{i d} l_{k t a}}{3})

\frac{n_{i d}}{c} \frac{\partial A_{i d}^{\pm}}{\partial t} \pm \frac{\partial A_{i d}^{\pm}}{\partial z} + α_{i d} A_{i d}^{\pm} = \frac{ω_{i d}}{2 ε_{0} n_{i d} c} \times (ε_{0} d_{e f f} A_{p} A_{s} \sin (Δ ϕ^{\pm}))

A_{i d}^{+} (z, t) = \frac{μ_{0} ω_{i d} c (ε_{0} d_{e f f} A_{p} A_{s})}{2 n_{i d} α_{i d}} (1 - \exp (- α_{i d} z))

ϕ_{i d} (z, t) = \frac{ℏ μ_{0} d_{e f f}^{2} ω_{p} ω_{s} ω_{i d}}{4 n_{p}^{2} n_{s}^{2}} {(\frac{1 - \exp (- α_{i d} z)}{α_{i d}})}^{2} ϕ_{p} (t) ϕ_{s} (t)

ϕ_{i d} (t) = \frac{ℏ μ_{0} d_{e f f}^{2} ω_{p} ω_{s} ω_{i d}}{4 n_{p}^{2} n_{s}^{2}} {(\frac{1 - \exp (- 2 α_{i d} l)}{α_{i d}})}^{2} ϕ_{p} (t) ϕ_{s} (t)

ϕ_{i d} (t) = \frac{ℏ μ_{0} d_{e f f}^{2} ω_{p} ω_{s} ω_{i d}}{4 n_{p}^{2} n_{s}^{2}} {(2 l_{k t a})}^{2} ϕ_{p} (t) ϕ_{s} (t)

P_{s} = f_{p} \cdot \frac{ℏ ω_{s} c \cdot π w_{s}^{2}}{2} \ln (\frac{1}{R_{s}}) \int_{0}^{t} ϕ_{s} (t) d t

P_{i d} = f_{p} \cdot \frac{ℏ ω_{i d} c \cdot π w_{i d}^{2}}{2} \int_{0}^{t} ϕ_{i d} (t) d t

	Parameters	values	Ref.
σ	Stimulated emission cross-section of Nd:YVO₄ crystal	25 × 10⁻²³ m²	[26]
γ	Inversion reduction factor of Nd:YVO₄ crystal	0.71	[26]
τ	Fluorescence lifetime of the upper level	98 μs	[29]
l_lc	Length of Nd:YVO₄ crystal	10 mm
l_kta	Length of KTA crystal	25 mm
d_eff	Effective nonlinear coefficient of KTA crystal	−2.99 pm/V	[30]
L_l	Intrinsic loss of the resonator at 1064 nm	0.054
L_s	Intrinsic loss of the resonator at 1535 nm	0.02
R_l	Reflectivity of OC at 1064 nm	99.8%
R_s	Reflectivity of OC at 1535 nm	80.0%
n_p	Average refractive index of fundamental wave	1.367
n_s	Average refractive index of signal wave	1.385
n_id	Average refractive index of idler wave	1.4

Abstract

References

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