Abstract

The metrology institute in Germany, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), calibrates the spectral responsivity of THz detectors at 2.52 THz traceable to International System of Units. The Terahertz detector calibration facility is equipped with a standard detector calibrated against a cryogenic radiometer at this frequency. In order to extend this service to a broader spectral range in the THz region a new standard detector was developed. This detector is based on a commercial thermopile detector. Its absorber was modified and characterized by spectroscopic methods with respect to its absorptance and reflectance from 1 THz to 5 THz and at the wavelength of a helium-neon laser in the visible spectral range. This offers the possibility of tracing back the THz power responsivity scale to the more accurate responsivity scale in the visible spectral range and thereby to reduce the uncertainty of detector calibrations in the THz range significantly.

©2013 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  2. A. Steiger, B. Gutschwager, M. Kehrt, C. Monte, R. Müller, and J. Hollandt, “Optical methods for power measurement of terahertz radiation,” Opt. Express 18(21), 21804–21814 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-21-21804 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  4. L. P. Boivin, “Realization of spectral responsivity scales” in Optical Radiometry, A. C. Parr, R. U. Datla, and J. L. Gardner, eds. (Elsevier, 2005), pp. 97–154.
  5. E. R. Mueller, “Optically pumped THz laser technology,” http://www.coherent.com/downloads/OpticallyPumpedLaser.pdf .
  6. H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-15-5890 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  8. BIPM key comparison database (February 2013), “Calibration and measurement capabilities, photometry and radiometry, Germany, PTB,” second item on page 4 of http://kcdb.bipm.org/appendixC/PR/DE/PR_DE.pdf .
  9. X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
    [Crossref]

2010 (1)

2009 (1)

L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

2000 (2)

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Beere, H.

Brandt, F.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Cromer, C.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Fischer, J.

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

Grützmacher, K.

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

Gutschwager, B.

Hartmann, J.

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

Hollandt, J.

Hübers, H.-W.

Johannsen, U.

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

Keenan, D.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Kehrt, M.

Klinkmüller, A. E.

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

Köhler, R.

Li, X.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Linfield, E.

Mahler, L.

Meindl, P.

L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

Monte, C.

Möstl, K.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Müller, R.

Pavlov, S.

Richter, H.

L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ritchie, D.

Scott, T.

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Semenov, A.

Steiger, A.

Tredicucci, A.

Werner, L.

L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

Metrologia (4)

L. Werner, H.-W. Hübers, P. Meindl, R. Müller, H. Richter, and A. Steiger, “Towards traceable radiometry in the terahertz region,” Metrologia 46(4), 160–164 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. Meindl, A. E. Klinkmüller, L. Werner, U. Johannsen, and K. Grützmacher, “New UV spectral responsivity scale of the PTB based on a cryogenic radiometer and an argon plasma arc radiation source,” Metrologia 43(2), S72–S77 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. Werner, J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and J. Hartmann, “Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm 1015 nm using a cryogenic radiometer,” Metrologia 37(4), 279–284 (2000).
[Crossref]

X. Li, T. Scott, C. Cromer, D. Keenan, F. Brandt, and K. Möstl, “PTB Power measurement standards for high-power lasers: comparison between the NIST and the PTB,” Metrologia 37(5), 445–447 (2000).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Other (3)

L. P. Boivin, “Realization of spectral responsivity scales” in Optical Radiometry, A. C. Parr, R. U. Datla, and J. L. Gardner, eds. (Elsevier, 2005), pp. 97–154.

E. R. Mueller, “Optically pumped THz laser technology,” http://www.coherent.com/downloads/OpticallyPumpedLaser.pdf .

BIPM key comparison database (February 2013), “Calibration and measurement capabilities, photometry and radiometry, Germany, PTB,” second item on page 4 of http://kcdb.bipm.org/appendixC/PR/DE/PR_DE.pdf .

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Measurement setup of the THz calibration facility. The radiation emitted by the THz-laser is imaged by two off-axis parabolic mirrors (OAPM) through a wire grid polarizer (WG) onto the aperture of an iris diaphragm (D). The transmitted radiation is focused by a lens to the detector under test (DUT), to the standard detector (S) or to a THz camera (C) which are all mounted on top of a linear translation stage. The reflected radiation from the surface of a gold plated chopper blade (GC) is focused to a monitor detector (M) by another lens.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 A typical focal beam profile of the molecular gas laser at 2.52 THz. The sensitive area of the THz camera is 12 mm x 12 mm.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Schematic of the radiation absorption process by a sectional drawing of the gold coated NG1 disc.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Spectral THz transmittance of a 0.57 mm thick NG1 sample. Two different beam splitters (blue and green dots) were used inside the FT-IR spectrometer for the measurement at lower THz frequencies at 1 THz and below.

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Equations (3)

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A( v ) = 1 − R( v ).
s(ν)=s( ν 0 )⋅ A(ν) A( ν 0 ) =s(2.52 THz)⋅ 1−R(ν) 1−R(2.52 THz) .
s(ν)= s HeNe 0.9562 ⋅[ 1−R(ν) ].

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