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Refractive index sensitivity enhancement of optical fiber cladding mode by depositing nanofilm via ALD technology

Ying Zhao, Fufei Pang, Yanhua Dong, Jianxiang Wen, Zhenyi Chen, and Tingyun Wang

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is introduced to enhance the sensitivity of optical fiber cladding mode to surrounding refractive index (SRI) variation. The highly uniform Al2O3 nanofilm was deposited around the double cladding fiber (DCF) which presents cladding mode resonant feature. With the high refractive index coating, the cladding mode resonant spectrum was tuned. And the sensitivity enhancement for SRI sensor was demonstrated. Through adjusting the deposition cycles, a maximum sensitivity of 723 nm/RIU was demonstrated in the DCF with 2500 deposition cycles at the SRI of 1.34. Based on the analysis of cladding modes reorganization, the cladding modes transition of the coated DCF was investigated theoretically. With the high performance nanofilm coating, the proposed SRI sensor is expected to have wide applications in chemical sensors and biosensors.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 The refractive index profile of the coated DCF.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Effective refractive index as a function of the overlay thickness of (a) the first eight cladding modes, (b) LP05 mode in DCF with different coating refractive index, (c) the first eight cladding mode in a wider scale.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Transversal electric field before and after transition point (a) LP05 in bare DCF, (b) LP06 in 400nm film coated DCF, (c) guided mode in 400nm film.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Sensitivity of DCF coated with nanofilm to SRI.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) schematic diagram of the DCF fiber sensor head, (b) SEM picture of the coated DCF end face, (c) relationship of coating thickness and deposition cycle.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The dependence of transmission spectrum on deposition cycles, (a) transmission spectrum shift, (b) dip wavelength shift.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 RI sensing spectra of the coated DCF sensor (a) 500 layers (b) 1000 layers.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Response of the resonant wavelength to SRI for different deposition cycles.

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