High speed lidar via GHz gated photon detector and locked but unequal optical pulse rates

D. R. Reilly; G. S. Kanter

doi:10.1364/OE.22.015718

Optics Express
Vol. 22,
Issue 13,
pp. 15718-15723
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.015718

High speed lidar via GHz gated photon detector and locked but unequal optical pulse rates

D. R. Reilly and G. S. Kanter

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D. R. Reilly and G. S. Kanter, "High speed lidar via GHz gated photon detector and locked but unequal optical pulse rates," Opt. Express 22, 15718-15723 (2014)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Photon counting (030.5260)
- Laser range finder (280.3400)
- Lidar (280.3640)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 7, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: June 13, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: June 14, 2014
- Published: June 19, 2014

Abstract

High speed and high sensitivity time-of-flight lidar is demonstrated by judiciously choosing the repetition rates of a pulsed optical source and the gate rate of a GHz gated single photon detector. Sub-mm ranging can be performed in sub-ms time scales at low received powers. We also demonstrate a method to extend the unambiguous measurement range by simultaneously transmitting multiple optical pulse rates and measuring the return signal with a single detector.

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References

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Article Order
Year
Author
Publication

P. Adany, C. Allen, and R. Hui, “Chirped lidar using simplified homodyne detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(16), 3351–3357 (2009).
[Crossref]
F. R. Giorgetta, E. Baumann, K. Knabe, I. Coddington, and N. R. Newbury, “High-resolution Ranging of a Diffuse Target at Sub-Millisecond Intervals with a Calibrated FMCW Lidar,” in CLEO: Science and Innovations, OSA (2012), paper CF3C.2.
T. A. Liu, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Sub-micron absolute distance measurements in sub-millisecond times with dual free-running femtosecond Er fiber-lasers,” Opt. Express 19(19), 18501–18509 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. A. Itzler, R. Ben-Michael, C. F. Hsu, K. Slomkowski, A. Tosi, S. Cova, F. Zappa, and R. Ispasoiu, “Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for 1.5 μ m photon counting applications,” J. Mod. Opt. 54(2-3), 283–304 (2007).
[Crossref]
A. McCarthy, X. Ren, A. Della Frera, N. R. Gemmell, N. J. Krichel, C. Scarcella, A. Ruggeri, A. Tosi, and G. S. Buller, “Kilometer-range depth imaging at 1,550 nm wavelength using an InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode detector,” Opt. Express 21(19), 22098–22113 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. T. Thew, D. Stucki, J.-D. Gautier, H. Zbinden, and A. Rochas, “Free-running InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode with active quenching for single photon counting at telecom wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201114 (2007).
[Crossref]
T. Lunghi, C. Barreiro, O. Guinnard, R. Houlmann, X. Jiang, M. A. Itzler, and H. Zbinden, “Free-running single-photon detection based on a negative feedback InGaAs APD,” J. Mod. Opt. 59(17), 1481–1488 (2012).
[Crossref]
A. Restelli, J. Bienfang, and A. L. Migdall, “Single-photon detection efficiency up to 50% at 1310 nm with an InGaAs/InP avalanche diode gated at 1.25 GHz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(14), 141104 (2013).
[Crossref]
M. Ren, X. Gu, Y. Liang, W. Kong, E. Wu, G. Wu, and H. Zeng, “Laser ranging at 1550 nm with 1-GHz sine-wave gated InGaAs/InP APD single-photon detector,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13497–13502 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. A. Hiskett, C. S. Parry, A. McCarthy, and G. S. Buller, “A photon-counting time-of-flight ranging technique developed for the avoidance of range ambiguity at gigahertz clock rates,” Opt. Express 16(18), 13685–13698 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Liang, J. Huang, M. Ren, B. Feng, X. Chen, E. Wu, G. Wu, and H. Zeng, “1550-nm time-of-flight ranging system employing laser with multiple repetition rates for reducing the range ambiguity,” Opt. Express 22(4), 4662–4670 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
G. S. Kanter and D. Reilly, “Lidar velocity measurement using a GHz gated photon detector and locked but unequal optical pulse rate,” in CLEO: Applications and Technology, OSA (2014), pp. AW3H–3.

2014 (1)

Y. Liang, J. Huang, M. Ren, B. Feng, X. Chen, E. Wu, G. Wu, and H. Zeng, “1550-nm time-of-flight ranging system employing laser with multiple repetition rates for reducing the range ambiguity,” Opt. Express 22(4), 4662–4670 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (2)

A. McCarthy, X. Ren, A. Della Frera, N. R. Gemmell, N. J. Krichel, C. Scarcella, A. Ruggeri, A. Tosi, and G. S. Buller, “Kilometer-range depth imaging at 1,550 nm wavelength using an InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode detector,” Opt. Express 21(19), 22098–22113 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Restelli, J. Bienfang, and A. L. Migdall, “Single-photon detection efficiency up to 50% at 1310 nm with an InGaAs/InP avalanche diode gated at 1.25 GHz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(14), 141104 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (1)

T. Lunghi, C. Barreiro, O. Guinnard, R. Houlmann, X. Jiang, M. A. Itzler, and H. Zbinden, “Free-running single-photon detection based on a negative feedback InGaAs APD,” J. Mod. Opt. 59(17), 1481–1488 (2012).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

M. A. Itzler, R. Ben-Michael, C. F. Hsu, K. Slomkowski, A. Tosi, S. Cova, F. Zappa, and R. Ispasoiu, “Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for 1.5 μ m photon counting applications,” J. Mod. Opt. 54(2-3), 283–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. T. Thew, D. Stucki, J.-D. Gautier, H. Zbinden, and A. Rochas, “Free-running InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode with active quenching for single photon counting at telecom wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 201114 (2007).
[Crossref]

Adany, P.

P. Adany, C. Allen, and R. Hui, “Chirped lidar using simplified homodyne detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(16), 3351–3357 (2009).
[Crossref]

Allen, C.

P. Adany, C. Allen, and R. Hui, “Chirped lidar using simplified homodyne detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(16), 3351–3357 (2009).
[Crossref]

Barreiro, C.

Ben-Michael, R.

Bienfang, J.

Buller, G. S.

Chen, X.

Coddington, I.

Cova, S.

Della Frera, A.

Feng, B.

Gautier, J.-D.

Gemmell, N. R.

Gu, X.

Guinnard, O.

Hiskett, P. A.

Houlmann, R.

Hsu, C. F.

Huang, J.

Hui, R.

P. Adany, C. Allen, and R. Hui, “Chirped lidar using simplified homodyne detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(16), 3351–3357 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ispasoiu, R.

Itzler, M. A.

Jiang, X.

Kong, W.

Krichel, N. J.

Liang, Y.

Liu, T. A.

Lunghi, T.

McCarthy, A.

Migdall, A. L.

Newbury, N. R.

Parry, C. S.

Ren, M.

Ren, X.

Restelli, A.

Rochas, A.

Ruggeri, A.

Scarcella, C.

Slomkowski, K.

Stucki, D.

Thew, R. T.

Tosi, A.

Wu, E.

Wu, G.

Zappa, F.

Zbinden, H.

Zeng, H.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

P. Adany, C. Allen, and R. Hui, “Chirped lidar using simplified homodyne detection,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(16), 3351–3357 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Mod. Opt. (2)

Opt. Express (5)

Other (2)

G. S. Kanter and D. Reilly, “Lidar velocity measurement using a GHz gated photon detector and locked but unequal optical pulse rate,” in CLEO: Applications and Technology, OSA (2014), pp. AW3H–3.

F. R. Giorgetta, E. Baumann, K. Knabe, I. Coddington, and N. R. Newbury, “High-resolution Ranging of a Diffuse Target at Sub-Millisecond Intervals with a Calibrated FMCW Lidar,” in CLEO: Science and Innovations, OSA (2012), paper CF3C.2.

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Fig. 1 (a) Block diagram of GET lidar system configured for measuring ranging resolution vs. optical power. (b) Re-ordered histograms of 80 bins (black open squares) and 85 bins (blue filled diamonds). Dotted lines connect the points to guide the eye.

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Fig. 2 (a) Resolution as a function of received power for 109 MHz (open squares) and 88 MHz (filled diamonds) pulses. The dotted line shows the expected trend for count-statistics limited performance (see text). (b) Corresponding failure probability for the extended range calculation.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3 Range measurements to a moving curved fan blade as a function of time. (a) 500 μs per point, about −75 dBm power. The curve is a best 2nd order polynomial line. (b) 100 μs per point, −80 dBm power with the same fitting curve.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

R_{1, 2} = \frac{D_{1} \cdot D_{2} \cdot c}{2 \cdot G \cdot f_{g a t e}},

| e_{1} - e_{2} | < \frac{G \cdot c}{4 \cdot N_{1} \cdot N_{2} \cdot f_{g a t e}}

Abstract

References

2014 (1)

2013 (2)

2012 (1)

2011 (2)

2009 (1)

2008 (1)

2007 (2)

Adany, P.

Allen, C.

Barreiro, C.

Ben-Michael, R.

Bienfang, J.

Buller, G. S.

Chen, X.

Coddington, I.

Cova, S.

Della Frera, A.

Feng, B.

Gautier, J.-D.

Gemmell, N. R.

Gu, X.

Guinnard, O.

Hiskett, P. A.

Houlmann, R.

Hsu, C. F.

Huang, J.

Hui, R.

Ispasoiu, R.

Itzler, M. A.

Jiang, X.

Kong, W.

Krichel, N. J.

Liang, Y.

Liu, T. A.

Lunghi, T.

McCarthy, A.

Migdall, A. L.

Newbury, N. R.

Parry, C. S.

Ren, M.

Ren, X.

Restelli, A.

Rochas, A.

Ruggeri, A.

Scarcella, C.

Slomkowski, K.

Stucki, D.

Thew, R. T.

Tosi, A.

Wu, E.

Wu, G.

Zappa, F.

Zbinden, H.

Zeng, H.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Mod. Opt. (2)

Opt. Express (5)

Other (2)

Cited By

Figures (3)

Equations (2)

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