Abstract

We demonstrate the differences in the excited state transmission (EST) for different modes in 8 μm core diameter, Er3+- doped silica fiber. The S2 (Spatially and Spectrally resolved) imaging method was used to determine the modal composition of the transmitted beam and to analyze the group delays of the higher order modes. We register the up-converted emission under two beam excitation (980 nm + 850 nm or 790 nm) and propose the numerical model for the anti-Stokes emission analysis. Taking additionally into account the interference of the beating fiber modes, one can expect the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the excited ions. This was predicted by numerical calculations. The obtained results have been confirmed by taking photo of the up-converted emission as seen from the side of the fiber.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  27. B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
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  32. C. Jauregui, T. Eidam, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “The impact of modal interference on the beam quality of high-power fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19(4), 3258–3271 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (1)

2012 (3)

2011 (5)

D. N. Schimpf, R. A. Barankov, and S. Ramachandran, “Cross-correlated (C2) imaging of fiber and waveguide modes,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13008–13019 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

A. V. Smith and J. J. Smith, “Mode competition in high power fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11318–11329 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

C. Jauregui, T. Eidam, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “The impact of modal interference on the beam quality of high-power fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19(4), 3258–3271 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

2008 (4)

J. W. Nicholson, A. D. Yablon, S. Ramachandran, and S. Ghalmi, “Spatially and spectrally resolved imaging of modal content in large-mode-area fibers,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7233–7243 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Andermahr and C. Fallnich, “Modeling of transverse mode interaction in large-mode-area fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 16(24), 20038–20046 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

G. C. Righini and M. Ferrari, “Photoluminescence of rare-earth-doped glasses,” Riv. Nuovo Cim. 28(12), 1–53 (2005).

2000 (1)

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

J. Koetke and G. Huber, “Infrared excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission cross sections of Er3+ -doped crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 61(2), 151–158 (1995).
[Crossref]

1992 (2)

B. Pedersen, W. J. Miniscalco, and S. Zemon, “Evaluation of the 800 nm pump band for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10(8), 1041–1049 (1992).
[Crossref]

G. R. Hadley, “Multistep method for wide-angle beam propagation,” Opt. Lett. 17(24), 1743–1745 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1991 (2)

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

1990 (1)

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

1989 (1)

T. Wegner and K. Petermann, “Excited state absorption of Ti3+:YAlO3,” Appl. Phys. B 49(3), 275–278 (1989).
[Crossref]

1988 (1)

1979 (1)

1978 (1)

1971 (1)

Andermahr, N.

Andrews, L. J.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Augustyn, E.

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Bai, N.

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

Barankov, R. A.

Barnes, W. L.

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

Bjarklev, A.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Boulanger, P. L.

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

Canat, G.

Davies, R. W.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Delaporte, J.

DeSantolo, A.

DiMarcello, F.

Dominiak-Dzik, G.

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Doualan, J.-L.

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

Dulashko, Y.

Dybdal, K.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Eidam, T.

Fallnich, C.

Feit, M. D.

Ferrari, M.

G. C. Righini and M. Ferrari, “Photoluminescence of rare-earth-doped glasses,” Riv. Nuovo Cim. 28(12), 1–53 (2005).

Fini, J. M.

Fleck, J. A.

Folweiler, R. C.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Gamelin, D. R.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ghalmi, S.

Girard, S.

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

Gloge, D.

Güdel, H. U.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Hadley, G. R.

Hall, B. T.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Hansen, C. D.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Hassan, M.

Hehlen, M. P.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Huber, G.

J. Koetke and G. Huber, “Infrared excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission cross sections of Er3+ -doped crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 61(2), 151–158 (1995).
[Crossref]

Inoue, H.

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

Inoue, S.

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

Jasapara, J. C.

Jauregui, C.

Ji, Z.

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

Jia, D.

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

Kaczkan, M.

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kepinska, M.

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Klimczak, M.

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

Koepke, C.

P. Stremplewski and C. Koepke, “ASE noise independent small signal modal gain measurements and mode imaging in double clad Nd³⁺- doped fiber around 900 nm,” Opt. Express 22(20), 24847–24858 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

Koepke, Cz.

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

Koetke, J.

J. Koetke and G. Huber, “Infrared excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission cross sections of Er3+ -doped crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 61(2), 151–158 (1995).
[Crossref]

Lambert, G.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Laming, R. I.

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

R. I. Laming, S. B. Poole, and E. J. Tarbox, “Pump excited-state absorption in erbium-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 13(12), 1084–1086 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Larsen, C. C.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Le Gouët, J.

Li, G.

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

Limpert, J.

Lombard, L.

Lüthi, S. R.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Makishima, A.

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

Malinowski, M.

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Margerie, J.

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

Meng, L.

Miniscalco, W. J.

B. Pedersen, W. J. Miniscalco, and S. Zemon, “Evaluation of the 800 nm pump band for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10(8), 1041–1049 (1992).
[Crossref]

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Monberg, E.

Moncorgé, R.

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

Morkel, P. R.

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

Nicholson, J. W.

Ortiz, R.

Pedersen, B.

B. Pedersen, W. J. Miniscalco, and S. Zemon, “Evaluation of the 800 nm pump band for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10(8), 1041–1049 (1992).
[Crossref]

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Petermann, K.

T. Wegner and K. Petermann, “Excited state absorption of Ti3+:YAlO3,” Appl. Phys. B 49(3), 275–278 (1989).
[Crossref]

Piatkowski, D.

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Piramidowicz, R.

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

Pollnau, M.

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Poole, S. B.

Povlsen, J. H.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Ramachandran, S.

Righini, G. C.

G. C. Righini and M. Ferrari, “Photoluminescence of rare-earth-doped glasses,” Riv. Nuovo Cim. 28(12), 1–53 (2005).

Rozanski, M.

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Schimpf, D. N.

Singh, M. P.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Smith, A. V.

Smith, J. J.

Soga, K.

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

Stremplewski, P.

P. Stremplewski and C. Koepke, “ASE noise independent small signal modal gain measurements and mode imaging in double clad Nd³⁺- doped fiber around 900 nm,” Opt. Express 22(20), 24847–24858 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tarbox, E. J.

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

R. I. Laming, S. B. Poole, and E. J. Tarbox, “Pump excited-state absorption in erbium-doped fibers,” Opt. Lett. 13(12), 1084–1086 (1988).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsuda, M.

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

Tünnermann, A.

Várallyay, Z.

Vendeltorp-Pommer, H.

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

Wegner, T.

T. Wegner and K. Petermann, “Excited state absorption of Ti3+:YAlO3,” Appl. Phys. B 49(3), 275–278 (1989).
[Crossref]

Wei, T.

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Windeler, R. S.

Wisniewski, K.

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Yablon, A. D.

Zelechower, M.

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

Zemon, S.

B. Pedersen, W. J. Miniscalco, and S. Zemon, “Evaluation of the 800 nm pump band for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10(8), 1041–1049 (1992).
[Crossref]

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Zhang, H.

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (3)

Appl. Phys. B (4)

E. Augustyn, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, G. Dominiak-Dzik, M. Kępińska, and M. Żelechower, “Comparison of selected optical properties of oxyfluoride glass fibers doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+ Yb3+,” Appl. Phys. B 105(4), 933–940 (2011).
[Crossref]

T. Wegner and K. Petermann, “Excited state absorption of Ti3+:YAlO3,” Appl. Phys. B 49(3), 275–278 (1989).
[Crossref]

J. Koetke and G. Huber, “Infrared excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission cross sections of Er3+ -doped crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 61(2), 151–158 (1995).
[Crossref]

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, C. Koepke, R. Piramidowicz, M. Klimczak, and M. Malinowski, “Initial state-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass,” Appl. Phys. B 93(4), 809–816 (2008).
[Crossref]

Front. Optoelectron. (1)

D. Jia, H. Zhang, Z. Ji, N. Bai, and G. Li, “Optical fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing,” Front. Optoelectron. 5(4), 351–357 (2012).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

W. L. Barnes, R. I. Laming, E. J. Tarbox, and P. R. Morkel, “Absorption and emission cross section of Er3+ doped silica fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(4), 1004–1010 (1991).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (1)

B. Pedersen, K. Dybdal, C. D. Hansen, A. Bjarklev, J. H. Povlsen, H. Vendeltorp-Pommer, and C. C. Larsen, “Larsen, “Detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(12), 863–865 (1990).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

M. Tsuda, K. Soga, H. Inoue, S. Inoue, and A. Makishima, “Upconversion mechanism in Er3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses under 800 nm excitation,” J. Appl. Phys. 85(1), 29–37 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

B. Pedersen, W. J. Miniscalco, and S. Zemon, “Evaluation of the 800 nm pump band for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10(8), 1041–1049 (1992).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. Condens. Matter (1)

D. Piatkowski, K. Wisniewski, M. Rozanski, C. Koepke, M. Kaczkan, M. Klimczak, R. Piramidowicz, and M. Malinowski, “Excited state absorption spectroscopy of ZBLAN:Ho3+ glass - experiment and simulation,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20(15), 155201 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. (1)

Cz. Koepke, D. Piatkowski, P. Stremplewski, M. Rozanski, and K. Wisniewski, “Excited state characteristics of optoelectronic materials based on RE3+ ions,” Nonl. Opt. Quantum. Opt. 42, 13–35 (2011).

Opt. Express (9)

A. V. Smith and J. J. Smith, “Mode competition in high power fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19(12), 11318–11329 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. N. Schimpf, R. A. Barankov, and S. Ramachandran, “Cross-correlated (C2) imaging of fiber and waveguide modes,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13008–13019 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Nicholson, A. D. Yablon, S. Ramachandran, and S. Ghalmi, “Spatially and spectrally resolved imaging of modal content in large-mode-area fibers,” Opt. Express 16(10), 7233–7243 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Le Gouët, J. Delaporte, L. Lombard, and G. Canat, “Spatially resolved modal spectroscopy of Er:Yb doped multifilament-core fiber amplifier,” Opt. Express 20(5), 5566–5575 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Nicholson, L. Meng, J. M. Fini, R. S. Windeler, A. DeSantolo, E. Monberg, F. DiMarcello, Y. Dulashko, M. Hassan, and R. Ortiz, “Measuring higher-order modes in a low-loss, hollow-core, photonic-bandgap fiber,” Opt. Express 20(18), 20494–20505 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Várallyay and J. C. Jasapara, “Comparison of amplification in large area fibers using cladding-pump and fundamental-mode core-pump schemes,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17242–17252 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Stremplewski and C. Koepke, “ASE noise independent small signal modal gain measurements and mode imaging in double clad Nd³⁺- doped fiber around 900 nm,” Opt. Express 22(20), 24847–24858 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Andermahr and C. Fallnich, “Modeling of transverse mode interaction in large-mode-area fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 16(24), 20038–20046 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Jauregui, T. Eidam, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “The impact of modal interference on the beam quality of high-power fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19(4), 3258–3271 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (2)

Phys. Rev. B (2)

P. L. Boulanger, J.-L. Doualan, S. Girard, J. Margerie, and R. Moncorgé, “Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of Er3 - doped Y3Al5O12, YVO4, and phosphate glass,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11380–11390 (1999).
[Crossref]

M. Pollnau, D. R. Gamelin, S. R. Lüthi, H. U. Güdel, and M. P. Hehlen, “Power dependence of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide and transition-metal-ion systems,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3337–3346 (2000).
[Crossref]

Proc. SPIE (1)

S. Zemon, G. Lambert, W. J. Miniscalco, R. W. Davies, B. T. Hall, R. C. Folweiler, T. Wei, L. J. Andrews, and M. P. Singh, “Excited state cross sections for Er-doped glasses,” Proc. SPIE 1373, 21–32 (1991).
[Crossref]

Riv. Nuovo Cim. (1)

G. C. Righini and M. Ferrari, “Photoluminescence of rare-earth-doped glasses,” Riv. Nuovo Cim. 28(12), 1–53 (2005).

Other (3)

K. Jesperson, Z. Li, L. Grüner-Nielsen, B. Pálsdóttir, F. Poletti, and J. W. Nicholson, “Measuring distributed mode scattering in long few-moded fibers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper OTh3I.4.
[Crossref]

W. J. Miniscalco, “Optical and electronic properties of rare earth ions in glasses,” in Rare Earth Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers (CRC Press, 2001).

R. Raisfeld and C. K. Jørgensen, Excited State Phenomena in Vitreous Materials, (Elsevier, 1987).

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Experimental setup for S2 mode imaging method (a), experimental setup for EST measurements (b). Switching between measurements is realized without any action on collimation optics of the probe beam. M - monochromator, C - camera, SLD - superluminescent diode, PD - photodiode.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Fourier transform of the collected spectra (a), the LP01 mode intensity distribution (b), intensity (c) and electric field (d) distributions of the LP11 mode. The 99.8% of the whole beam intensity is propagated in the fundamental mode.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Mode group velocity dispersion.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Electric field distribution of the LP11 mode (a), and part of the spectrum showing inversed phases of the electric field taken from opposite peaks (from single camera pixels) of the electric field in the LP11 mode (b).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 EST spectra for LP01 (solid lide) and LP11 (dot-dash line) modes.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Measured (points) and calculated (lines) values of the EST under excited beam of growing power for the LP01 and LP11 modes.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Energy diagrams used for interpretations of the observed up-converted emissions. Excitation by 798 nm line of the Ti Sapphire laser (channel a), and by a pair of two lasers working at 980 nm and 790 nm or 980 nm and 840 nm (channel b). As sources of the 790 nm and 840 nm beams we used superluminescent diodes when we used them both together or Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) during experiments described in this section.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Calculated spatial distribution of the 4I13/2 state population under 980 nm excitation in face of beating modes (a), and spatial distribution of the 840 nm beam in dependence on mode phase difference (for LP01 and LP11 modes) at the distance of 2 mm along the fiber.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Calculated spatial distribution of the 4S3/2 state population (proportional to the upconverted green luminescence) under 980 nm excitation and 790 nm beams (causing the ESA transitions) in face of beating modes (a), and spatial distribution of the intensity of the upconverted green luminescence, as seen from a side (b).

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Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1 Parameters used in numerical solution of the set of Eqs. (2)

View Table

Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

d N 0 dt =− N 0 I p σ GSA h ν GSA + N 1 W r 1,0 + N 1 I ASE σ SE h ν SE =0 d N 1 dt =− N 1 W r 1,0 + N 2 Wn r 2 − N 1 I ASE σ SE h ν SE =0 d N 2 dt = N 0 I p σ GSA h ν GSA − N 2 Wn r 2 =0
d P pM dz =− P pM σ GSA488 N d ∑ x ∑ y N 0 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E pM (x,y) | 2 d P s1M dz =± P s1M σ ESA790 N d ∑ x ∑ y N 1 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E s1M (x,y) | 2 d P s2M dz =± P s2M σ ESA850 N d ∑ x ∑ y N 1 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E s2M (x,y) | 2 d P s3M dz =± P s3M σ ESA980 N d ∑ x ∑ y N 0 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E s3M (x,y) | 2 d P ASE ± dz =±[ d P ASE ± σ SE N d ∑ x ∑ y N 1 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E ASE (x,y) | 2 + N d h ν SE W r 1,0 ∑ x ∑ y N 1 ( P pT , P ASET ,x,y) | E ASE (x,y) | 2 ΔxΔy ]
I∝ P n
d N 0 (x,y) dt =− N 0 (x,y) I GSA (x,y) σ GSA h ν GSA + N 1 (x,y)W r 1,0 =0 d N 1 (x,y) dt =− N 1 (x,y)W r 1,0 + N 2 (x,y)Wn r 2 =0 d N 2 (x,y) dt = N 0 (x,y) I GSA (x,y) σ GSA h ν GSA − N 2 (x,y)Wn r 2 =0
d N 1 (x,y) dt =− N 1 (x,y) I ESA1 (x,y) σ ESA1 h ν ESA1 − N 1 (x,y) I ESA2 (x,y) σ ESA2 h ν ESA2 + N 5 (x,y)Wn r 2 =0 d N 5 (x,y) dt =− N 5 (x,y)Wn r 2 + N 1 (x,y) I ESA2 (x,y) σ ESA2 h ν ESA2 + N 6 (x,y)Wn r 6 =0 d N 6 (x,y) dt =− N 6 (x,y)Wn r 6 + N 1 (x,y) I ESA1 (x,y) σ ESA1 h ν ESA1 =0
P MGSA (z+Δz)= P MGSA (z)exp[ [ − N d σ GSA ( ∑ x ∑ y N 0 (x,y,z) | E MGSA (x,y) | 2 ) ]Δz ] P MESA (z+Δz)= P MESA (z)exp[ [ − N d σ ESA ( ∑ x ∑ y N 1 (x,y,z) | E MESA (x,y) | 2 ) ]Δz ]
I GSA (x,y,z)= | ∑ M ( P MGSA (z) E MGSA (x,y)exp( −i 2π λ GSA n efM z ) ) | 2 I ESA (x,y,z)= | ∑ M ( P MESA (z) E MESA (x,y)exp( −i 2π λ ESA n efM z ) ) | 2

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