Abstract

Ultrashort laser pulses that last only a few optical cycles have been transformative tools for studying and manipulating light–matter interactions. Few-cycle pulses are typically produced from high-peak-power lasers, either directly from a laser oscillator or through nonlinear effects in bulk or fiber materials. Now, an opportunity exists to explore the few-cycle regime with the emergence of fully integrated nonlinear photonics. Here, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate how lithographically patterned waveguides can be used to generate few-cycle laser pulses from an input seed pulse. Moreover, our work explores a design principle in which lithographically varying the group-velocity dispersion in a waveguide enables the creation of highly constant-intensity supercontinuum spectra across an octave of bandwidth. An integrated source of few-cycle pulses could broaden the range of applications for ultrafast light sources, including supporting new lab-on-a-chip systems in a scalable form factor.

© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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References

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2020 (1)

J. Huang, M. S. A. Gandhi, and Q. Li, “Self-Similar Chirped Pulse Compression in the Tapered Silicon Ridge Slot Waveguide,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–8 (2020).s
[Crossref]

2019 (2)

2018 (3)

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

M. L. Davenport, S. Liu, and J. E. Bowers, “Integrated heterogeneous silicon/III–V mode-locked lasers,” Photonics Res. 6(5), 468 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (2)

2015 (5)

2014 (1)

2012 (2)

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

R. Halir, Y. Okawachi, J. S. Levy, M. A. Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation in a CMOS-compatible platform,” Opt. Lett. 37(10), 1685–1687 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (1)

2010 (1)

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 163–234 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

A. A. Voronin and A. M. Zheltikov, “Soliton-number analysis of soliton-effect pulse compression to single-cycle pulse widths,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063834 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fallahkhair, K. S. Li, and T. E. Murphy, “Vector Finite Difference Modesolver for Anisotropic Dielectric Waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 26(11), 1423–1431 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

M. V. Tognetti and H. M. Crespo, “Sub-two-cycle soliton-effect pulse compression at 800 nm in photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(6), 1410 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(4), 1135–1184 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (2)

M. A. Foster, A. L. Gaeta, Q. Cao, and R. Trebino, “Soliton-effect compression of supercontinuum to few-cycle durations in photonic nanowires,” Opt. Express 13(18), 6848 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. Kibler, J. M. Dudley, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber: influence of the frequency-dependent effective mode area,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 81(2-3), 337–342 (2005).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “Nanotaper for compact mode conversion,” Opt. Lett. 28(15), 1302–1304 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

J. Dudley and S. Coen, “Numerical simulations and coherence properties of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 651–659 (2002).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

1965 (1)

Agarwal, A.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Agarwal, A. M.

D. T. H. Tan, A. M. Agarwal, and L. C. Kimerling, “Nonlinear photonic waveguides for on-chip optical pulse compression,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9(3), 294–308 (2015).
[Crossref]

Agrawal, G. P.

G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, 2006), 4th ed.

Almeida, V. R.

Baumann, E.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Beausoleil, R. G.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Boller, K.-J.

Bowers, J. E.

M. L. Davenport, S. Liu, and J. E. Bowers, “Integrated heterogeneous silicon/III–V mode-locked lasers,” Photonics Res. 6(5), 468 (2018).
[Crossref]

Bratschitsch, R.

Cao, Q.

Carlson, D. R.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
[Crossref]

Coddington, I.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
[Crossref]

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Coen, S.

J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(4), 1135–1184 (2006).
[Crossref]

B. Kibler, J. M. Dudley, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber: influence of the frequency-dependent effective mode area,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 81(2-3), 337–342 (2005).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Dudley and S. Coen, “Numerical simulations and coherence properties of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 651–659 (2002).
[Crossref]

Colman, P.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

Combrié, S.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

Corwin, K. L.

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Courvoisier, F.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Crespo, H. M.

Davenport, M. L.

M. L. Davenport, S. Liu, and J. E. Bowers, “Integrated heterogeneous silicon/III–V mode-locked lasers,” Photonics Res. 6(5), 468 (2018).
[Crossref]

De Rossi, A.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

DeLong, K. W.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Deschênes, J.-D.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Diddams, S. A.

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Driscoll, J. B.

Droste, S.

Dudley, J.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Dudley and S. Coen, “Numerical simulations and coherence properties of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 651–659 (2002).
[Crossref]

Dudley, J. M.

J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(4), 1135–1184 (2006).
[Crossref]

B. Kibler, J. M. Dudley, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber: influence of the frequency-dependent effective mode area,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 81(2-3), 337–342 (2005).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Epping, J. P.

Fallahkhair, A. B.

Fallnich, C.

Farrell, G.

Ferriere, R.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fischer, R.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fittinghoff, D. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Foster, M. A.

Gaeta, A. L.

Gandhi, M. S. A.

J. Huang, M. S. A. Gandhi, and Q. Li, “Self-Similar Chirped Pulse Compression in the Tapered Silicon Ridge Slot Waveguide,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–8 (2020).s
[Crossref]

Genty, G.

J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(4), 1135–1184 (2006).
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Halir, R.

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R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

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Hellwig, T.

Hickstein, D.

G. Ycas, D. Maser, and D. Hickstein, “PyNLO: Nonlinear Optics Modelling for Python,” (2015).

Hickstein, D. D.

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
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Hoekman, M.

Holzwarth, R.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Hooper, L. E.

Huang, J.

J. Huang, M. S. A. Gandhi, and Q. Li, “Self-Similar Chirped Pulse Compression in the Tapered Silicon Ridge Slot Waveguide,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–8 (2020).s
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Hundertmark, H.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Husko, C.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
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Ippen, E.

Ivanov, M.

F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 163–234 (2009).
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Ji, X.

A. R. Johnson, X. Ji, M. R. E. Lamont, Y. Okawachi, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Coherent Supercontinuum Generation with Picosecond Pulses,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, (Optical Society of America, 2017), p. SF1C.3.

Johnson, A. R.

A. R. Johnson, A. S. Mayer, A. Klenner, K. Luke, E. S. Lamb, M. R. E. Lamont, C. Joshi, Y. Okawachi, F. W. Wise, M. Lipson, U. Keller, and A. L. Gaeta, “Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 40(21), 5117 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. R. Johnson, X. Ji, M. R. E. Lamont, Y. Okawachi, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Coherent Supercontinuum Generation with Picosecond Pulses,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, (Optical Society of America, 2017), p. SF1C.3.

Joshi, C.

Kane, D. J.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Kang, Z.

Kärtner, F. X.

Keller, U.

Khader, I. H.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
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B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Kibler, J. M. Dudley, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber: influence of the frequency-dependent effective mode area,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 81(2-3), 337–342 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kimerling, L. C.

D. T. H. Tan, A. M. Agarwal, and L. C. Kimerling, “Nonlinear photonic waveguides for on-chip optical pulse compression,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9(3), 294–308 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Klenner, A.

Knight, J. C.

Krausz, F.

F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 163–234 (2009).
[Crossref]

Krumbügel, M. A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Lacourt, P.-A.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lamb, E. S.

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

A. R. Johnson, A. S. Mayer, A. Klenner, K. Luke, E. S. Lamb, M. R. E. Lamont, C. Joshi, Y. Okawachi, F. W. Wise, M. Lipson, U. Keller, and A. L. Gaeta, “Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 40(21), 5117 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lamont, M. R. E.

Larger, L.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lavdas, S.

Lee, C. J.

Leinse, A.

Levy, J. S.

Li, K. S.

Li, N.

Li, Q.

J. Huang, M. S. A. Gandhi, and Q. Li, “Self-Similar Chirped Pulse Compression in the Tapered Silicon Ridge Slot Waveguide,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–8 (2020).s
[Crossref]

Lin, Q.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lind, A.

Lipson, M.

Liu, S.

M. L. Davenport, S. Liu, and J. E. Bowers, “Integrated heterogeneous silicon/III–V mode-locked lasers,” Photonics Res. 6(5), 468 (2018).
[Crossref]

Luke, K.

Malitson, I. H.

Maser, D.

G. Ycas, D. Maser, and D. Hickstein, “PyNLO: Nonlinear Optics Modelling for Python,” (2015).

Mateman, R.

Mayer, A. S.

Mei, C.

Metcalf, A. J.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

Michel, J.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Mosley, P. J.

Muir, A. C.

Murphy, T. E.

Nader, N.

Neshev, D.

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

Newbury, N. R.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
[Crossref]

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Okawachi, Y.

Osgood, R. M.

Panepucci, R. R.

Panoiu, N. C.

Papp, S. B.

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, A. Lind, S. Droste, D. Westly, N. Nader, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Self-referenced frequency combs using high-efficiency silicon-nitride waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 42(12), 2314 (2017).
[Crossref]

Porcel, M. A. G.

Probst, R. A.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Quinlan, F.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

Richman, B. A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Ruocco, A.

Russell, P. S. J.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Sagnes, I.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sang, X.

Schepers, F.

Schmidt, R.

Sinclair, L. C.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Singh, N.

Sonderhouse, L.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Srinivasan, K.

Stark, S. P.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Steinmetz, T.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Stone, J. R.

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

Swann, W. C.

L. C. Sinclair, J.-D. Deschênes, L. Sonderhouse, W. C. Swann, I. H. Khader, E. Baumann, N. R. Newbury, and I. Coddington, “Invited Article: A compact optically coherent fiber frequency comb,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(8), 081301 (2015).
[Crossref]

Sweetser, J. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Tan, D. T. H.

D. T. H. Tan, A. M. Agarwal, and L. C. Kimerling, “Nonlinear photonic waveguides for on-chip optical pulse compression,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9(3), 294–308 (2015).
[Crossref]

Tognetti, M. V.

Trebino, R.

M. A. Foster, A. L. Gaeta, Q. Cao, and R. Trebino, “Soliton-effect compression of supercontinuum to few-cycle durations in photonic nanowires,” Opt. Express 13(18), 6848 (2005).
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R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

Udem, T.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

van der Slot, P. J.

van der Slot, P. J. M.

van Rees, A.

Vermulen, D.

Voronin, A. A.

A. A. Voronin and A. M. Zheltikov, “Soliton-number analysis of soliton-effect pulse compression to single-cycle pulse widths,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063834 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wadsworth, W. J.

Wang, K.

Watts, M. R.

Weber, K.

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Westly, D.

Wilken, T.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Willner, A. E.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Windeler, R. S.

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wise, F. W.

Wong, C. W.

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wong, G. K. L.

R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

Wu, Q.

Yan, B.

Yan, Y.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Ycas, G.

G. Ycas, D. Maser, and D. Hickstein, “PyNLO: Nonlinear Optics Modelling for Python,” (2015).

Yu, C.

Yuan, J.

Yue, Y.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, W.

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X.

Zheltikov, A. M.

A. A. Voronin and A. M. Zheltikov, “Soliton-number analysis of soliton-effect pulse compression to single-cycle pulse widths,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063834 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zhou, X.

Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. (1)

B. Kibler, J. M. Dudley, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation and nonlinear pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber: influence of the frequency-dependent effective mode area,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 81(2-3), 337–342 (2005).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (1)

B. Kibler, R. Fischer, P.-A. Lacourt, F. Courvoisier, R. Ferriere, L. Larger, D. Neshev, and J. Dudley, “Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre,” Electron. Lett. 43(17), 915 (2007).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (3)

L. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. Yan, R. G. Beausoleil, A. Agarwal, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, and A. E. Willner, “On-Chip Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum in Nanostructured Silicon Waveguides Using Ultralow Pulse Energy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 18(6), 1799–1806 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Huang, M. S. A. Gandhi, and Q. Li, “Self-Similar Chirped Pulse Compression in the Tapered Silicon Ridge Slot Waveguide,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–8 (2020).s
[Crossref]

J. Dudley and S. Coen, “Numerical simulations and coherence properties of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 651–659 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Laser Photonics Rev. (1)

D. T. H. Tan, A. M. Agarwal, and L. C. Kimerling, “Nonlinear photonic waveguides for on-chip optical pulse compression,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9(3), 294–308 (2015).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

P. Colman, C. Husko, S. Combrié, I. Sagnes, C. W. Wong, and A. De Rossi, “Temporal solitons and pulse compression in photonic crystal waveguides,” Nat. Photonics 4(12), 862–868 (2010).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (6)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Photonics Res. (1)

M. L. Davenport, S. Liu, and J. E. Bowers, “Integrated heterogeneous silicon/III–V mode-locked lasers,” Photonics Res. 6(5), 468 (2018).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. A (1)

A. A. Voronin and A. M. Zheltikov, “Soliton-number analysis of soliton-effect pulse compression to single-cycle pulse widths,” Phys. Rev. A 78(6), 063834 (2008).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Appl. (1)

E. S. Lamb, D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, J. R. Stone, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Optical-Frequency Measurements with a Kerr Microcomb and Photonic-Chip Supercontinuum,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9(2), 024030 (2018).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental Noise Limitations to Supercontinuum Generation in Microstructure Fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(11), 113904 (2003).
[Crossref]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (2)

J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(4), 1135–1184 (2006).
[Crossref]

F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(1), 163–234 (2009).
[Crossref]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2)

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M. A. Krumbügel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(9), 3277–3295 (1997).
[Crossref]

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Science (1)

D. R. Carlson, D. D. Hickstein, W. Zhang, A. J. Metcalf, F. Quinlan, S. A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control,” Science 361(6409), 1358–1363 (2018).
[Crossref]

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R. A. Probst, T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, G. K. L. Wong, H. Hundertmark, S. P. Stark, P. S. J. Russell, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, and T. Udem, “Spectral flattening of supercontinua with a spatial light modulator,” in Proc. SPIE 8864, (SPIE, 2013), p. 88641Z.

A. R. Johnson, X. Ji, M. R. E. Lamont, Y. Okawachi, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Coherent Supercontinuum Generation with Picosecond Pulses,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, (Optical Society of America, 2017), p. SF1C.3.

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Few-cycle pulses and integrated photonics. (a) A nonlinear waveguide with anomalous dispersion and sufficient length can produce few-cycle pulses through soliton-effect compression. Right inset shows the material cross section. (b) Propagation of a 100 fs input pulse is simulated in waveguides with different dispersion parameters $D$, which we control through the waveguide width. (i) Narrow waveguides with high anomalous dispersion can be used to produce clean few-cycle pulses, but not output spectra that are simultaneously flat and broadband. (ii) If a wider waveguide, with low anomalous dispersion is used, the pulse does not undergo significant pulse compression or spectral broadening. (iii) Hybrid waveguides consisting of an initial segment of high dispersion for pulse compression followed immediately by a wider waveguide for spectral broadening can lead to highly flat and broadband output spectra. Far right panel shows a photograph of a two-section waveguide when supercontinuum generation occurs at the geometric boundary between segments.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Few-cycle pulse generation in nanophotonic waveguides. (a) Simulated temporal profile and (b) FWHM duration as a function of propagation distance in a single-section straight waveguide with a width of 2.0 $\mu$m. (c) Pulse profile for the input, experimental, simulated, and optimized pulse obtained with external propagation through 2.5 mm of fused silica. (d) Experimental and (e) reconstructed FROG traces recorded at the waveguide output. (f) Spectra corresponding to the same pulses shown in panel (c).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Ultraflat supercontinuum with width-changing waveguides. (a) Geometry layout and (b) calculated dispersion profile for each waveguide section. (c) The experimental output spectrum (blue) collected with a multi-mode fluoride fiber containing an octave-spanning spectral band with nearly constant power per mode. The simulated waveguide output (orange) shows that high spectral coherence (purple) is maintained across the full comb bandwidth. (d) Experimental and (e) simulated power scan showing the output spectrum vs incident pulse energy. The dashed white lines correspond to the curves shown in c).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Pulse compression and supercontinuum with cladding-changing waveguides. (a) Geometry layout and (b) calculated dispersion profile for each waveguide section. (c) Simulated pulse duration in 1 cm long air-clad waveguides as function of propagation distance for transform-limited sech$^2$ input pulses ranging from 100 to 400 fs. (d) Experimental and simulated output spectra when a 250 fs input pulse achieves maximal compression at the interface between cladding materials. Despite the long pulse, a high degree of coherence is maintained across the full spectral bandwidth. (e) Experimental output spectra for a 2400 nm wide waveguide obtained by adjusting the input power by 6 % to allow the pulse to fully undergo soliton fission in the oxide-clad region (blue) and the air-clad region (green).

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Equations (1)

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g 12 ( ω ) = ⟨ E 1 ∗ ( ω ) E 2 ( ω ) ⟩ ⟨ | E 1 | 2 ⟩ ⟨ | E 2 | 2 ⟩ ,

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