Abstract

Herein, three-dimensional (3D) incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles was performed inside temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels using near-infrared femtosecond laser multi-photon reduction. The nanoparticles, formed by laser writing at lower doses, exhibited intense plasmonic absorption in the gels around 420 nm wavelength. Light-induced local shrinking of up to 86%, under assumption of isotropic shrinkage, in volume was achieved by the efficient photothermal conversion of Ag nanoparticles. Such shrinkages and deformation speeds strongly depended on the geometric design and 3D layout of the laser writing patterns of Ag nanoparticles inside the microgels. In particular, femtosecond laser incorporation enhanced the recovery speed by more than twice in comparison with the gels containing nanoparticles over the entire region. Laser direct incorporation allows for the control of the 3D position and extent and response speeds of gel deformation.

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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References

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  33. H. Nishiyama, K. Umetsu, and K. Kimura, “Versatile direct laser writing of non-photosensitive materials using multi-photon reduction-based assembly of nanoparticles,” Sci. Rep. 9(1), 14310 (2019).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  37. X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]

2020 (1)

S. Kakizaki, J. Shintake, Y. Iwatake, K. Baba, H. Takeuchi, and A. Yamamoto, “Large, fast, and bidirectional bending of slide-ring polymer materials,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(4), 1900155 (2020).
[Crossref]

2019 (3)

J. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Song, L. Ren, Q. Liu, and L. Ren, “Biomimetic shape–color double-responsive 4D printing,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(9), 1900293 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. Hu, W. Wang, and H. Yu, “Endowing soft photo-actuators with intelligence,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 1(8), 1900050 (2019).
[Crossref]

H. Nishiyama, K. Umetsu, and K. Kimura, “Versatile direct laser writing of non-photosensitive materials using multi-photon reduction-based assembly of nanoparticles,” Sci. Rep. 9(1), 14310 (2019).
[Crossref]

2018 (4)

M. Machida, Y. Nakajima, M. L. Torres-Mapa, D. Heinemann, A. Heisterkamp, and M. Terakawa, “Shrinkable silver diffraction grating fabricated inside a hydrogel using 522-nm femtosecond laser,” Sci. Rep. 8(1), 187 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
[Crossref]

S. R. Mishra and J. B. Tracy, “Sequential actuation of shape-memory polymers through wavelength-selective photothermal heating of gold nanospheres and nanorods,” ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1(7), 3063–3067 (2018).
[Crossref]

J. Guo, R. Zhang, L. Zhang, and X. Cao, “4D printing of robust hydrogels consisted of agarose nanofibers and polyacrylamide,” ACS Macro Lett. 7(4), 442–446 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (5)

A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
[Crossref]

X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. Kirillova, R. Maxson, G. Stoychev, C. T. Gomillion, and L. Ionov, “4D biofabrication using shape-morphing hydrogels,” Adv. Mater. 29(46), 1703443 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, A. Mourran, and M. Moller, “Dynamic switching of helical microgel ribbons,” Nano Lett. 17(3), 2010–2014 (2017).
[Crossref]

G. Vantomme, A. H. Gelebart, D. J. Broer, and E. W. Meijer, “A four-blade light-driven plastic mill based on hydrazone liquid-crystal networks,” Tetrahedron 73(33), 4963–4967 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (1)

Y. Yang, Z. Pei, Z. Li, Y. Wei, and Y. Ji, “Making and remaking dynamic 3D structures by shining light on flat liquid crystalline vitrimer films without a mold,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(7), 2118–2121 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (2)

J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
[Crossref]

X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
[Crossref]

2012 (3)

A. Ishikawa and T. Tanaka, “Two-photon fabrication of three-dimensional metallic nanostructures for plasmonic metamaterials,” J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng. 7(1), 11–15 (2012).
[Crossref]

G. Stoychev, S. Zakharchenko, S. Turcaud, J. W. C. Dunlop, and L. Ionov, “Shape-programmed folding of stimuli-responsive polymer bilayers,” ACS Nano 6(5), 3925–3934 (2012).
[Crossref]

T. Guan, F. Godts, F. Ceyssens, E. Vanderleyden, K. Adesanya, P. Dubruel, H. P. Neves, and R. Puers, “Development and fabrication of a novel photopatternable electric responsive Pluronic hydrogel for MEMS applications,” Sens. Actuators, A 186, 184–190 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Katagiri, Y. Imai, K. Koumoto, T. Kaiden, K. Kono, and S. Aoshima, “Magnetoresponsive on-demand release of hybrid liposomes formed from Fe3O4 nanoparticles and thermosensitive block copolymers,” Small 7(12), 1683–1689 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. Shiotani, Y. Akiyama, T. Kawano, Y. Niidome, T. Mori, Y. Katayama, and T. Niidome, “Active accumulation of gold nanorods in tumor in response to near-infrared laser irradiation,” Bioconjugate Chem. 21(11), 2049–2054 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (3)

T. Kawano, Y. Niidome, T. Mori, Y. Katayama, and T. Niidome, “PNIPAM gel-coated gold nanorods for targeted delivery responding to a near-infrared laser,” Bioconjugate Chem. 20(2), 209–212 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. Y. Cao, N. Takeyasu, T. Tanaka, X. M. Duan, and S. Kawata, “3D metallic nanostructure fabrication by surfactant-assisted multiphoton-induced reduction,” Small 5(10), 1144–1148 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, R. Miyasato, Y. Naka, J.-I. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, A. Shishido, Y. Yu, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(1), 60–62 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47(27), 4986–4988 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

A. Shiotani, T. Mori, T. Niidome, Y. Niidome, and Y. Katayama, “Stable incorporation of gold nanorods into N-Isopropylacrylamide hydrogels and their rapid shrinkage induced by near-infrared laser irradiation,” Langmuir 23(7), 4012–4018 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (3)

A. Ishikawa, T. Tanaka, and S. Kawata, “Improvement in the reduction of silver ions in aqueous solution using two-photon sensitive dye,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(11), 113102 (2006).
[Crossref]

T. Tanaka, A. Ishikawa, and S. Kawata, “Two-photon-induced reduction of metal ions for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive metallic microstructure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(8), 081107 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. Prabaharan and J. F. Mano, “Stimuli-responsive hydrogels based on polysaccharides incorporated with thermo-responsive polymers as novel biomaterials,” Macromol. Biosci. 6(12), 991–1008 (2006).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

M. Motornov, S. Minko, K.-J. Eichhorn, M. Nitschke, F. Simon, and M. Stamm, “Reversible tuning of wetting behavior of polymer surface with responsive polymer brushes,” Langmuir 19(19), 8077–8085 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Kaneko, H.-B. Sun, X.-M. Duan, and S. Kawata, “Two-photon photoreduction of metallic nanoparticle gratings in a polymer matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(7), 1426–1428 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

M. E. Harmon, T. A. M. Jakob, W. Knoll, and C. W. Frank, “A surface plasmon resonance study of volume phase transitions in N-isopropylacrylamide gel films,” Macromolecules 35(15), 5999–6004 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

K. Sutani, I. Kaetsu, and K. Uchida, “The synthesis and the electric-responsiveness of hydrogels entrapping natural polyelectrolyte,” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61(1), 49–54 (2001).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

D. Szabo, G. Szeghy, and M. Zrinyi, “Shape transition of magnetic field sensitive polymer gels,” Macromolecules 31(19), 6541–6548 (1998).
[Crossref]

1988 (1)

R. A. Siegel and B. A. Firestone, “pH-dependent equilibrium swelling properties of hydrophobic polyelectrolyte copolymer gels,” Macromolecules 21(11), 3254–3259 (1988).
[Crossref]

Adesanya, K.

T. Guan, F. Godts, F. Ceyssens, E. Vanderleyden, K. Adesanya, P. Dubruel, H. P. Neves, and R. Puers, “Development and fabrication of a novel photopatternable electric responsive Pluronic hydrogel for MEMS applications,” Sens. Actuators, A 186, 184–190 (2012).
[Crossref]

Ahmed, S. M.

A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
[Crossref]

Akiyama, Y.

A. Shiotani, Y. Akiyama, T. Kawano, Y. Niidome, T. Mori, Y. Katayama, and T. Niidome, “Active accumulation of gold nanorods in tumor in response to near-infrared laser irradiation,” Bioconjugate Chem. 21(11), 2049–2054 (2010).
[Crossref]

Alam, A.

A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
[Crossref]

An, W.

Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
[Crossref]

Aoshima, S.

K. Katagiri, Y. Imai, K. Koumoto, T. Kaiden, K. Kono, and S. Aoshima, “Magnetoresponsive on-demand release of hybrid liposomes formed from Fe3O4 nanoparticles and thermosensitive block copolymers,” Small 7(12), 1683–1689 (2011).
[Crossref]

Baba, K.

S. Kakizaki, J. Shintake, Y. Iwatake, K. Baba, H. Takeuchi, and A. Yamamoto, “Large, fast, and bidirectional bending of slide-ring polymer materials,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(4), 1900155 (2020).
[Crossref]

Barrett, C. J.

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, R. Miyasato, Y. Naka, J.-I. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, A. Shishido, Y. Yu, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(1), 60–62 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47(27), 4986–4988 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ben Azouz, A.

J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
[Crossref]

Bohren, C. F.

C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, “Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles,” WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 1983.

Broer, D. J.

G. Vantomme, A. H. Gelebart, D. J. Broer, and E. W. Meijer, “A four-blade light-driven plastic mill based on hydrazone liquid-crystal networks,” Tetrahedron 73(33), 4963–4967 (2017).
[Crossref]

Cao, X.

J. Guo, R. Zhang, L. Zhang, and X. Cao, “4D printing of robust hydrogels consisted of agarose nanofibers and polyacrylamide,” ACS Macro Lett. 7(4), 442–446 (2018).
[Crossref]

Cao, Y. Y.

Y. Y. Cao, N. Takeyasu, T. Tanaka, X. M. Duan, and S. Kawata, “3D metallic nanostructure fabrication by surfactant-assisted multiphoton-induced reduction,” Small 5(10), 1144–1148 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ceyssens, F.

T. Guan, F. Godts, F. Ceyssens, E. Vanderleyden, K. Adesanya, P. Dubruel, H. P. Neves, and R. Puers, “Development and fabrication of a novel photopatternable electric responsive Pluronic hydrogel for MEMS applications,” Sens. Actuators, A 186, 184–190 (2012).
[Crossref]

Chen, Q. D.

H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
[Crossref]

Coleman, S.

J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
[Crossref]

Cui, H.

X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
[Crossref]

Diamond, D.

J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
[Crossref]

Diaz, M.

A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
[Crossref]

Du, X.

X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
[Crossref]

Du, X. B.

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X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
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S. Kakizaki, J. Shintake, Y. Iwatake, K. Baba, H. Takeuchi, and A. Yamamoto, “Large, fast, and bidirectional bending of slide-ring polymer materials,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(4), 1900155 (2020).
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J. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Song, L. Ren, Q. Liu, and L. Ren, “Biomimetic shape–color double-responsive 4D printing,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(9), 1900293 (2019).
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J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
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G. Stoychev, S. Zakharchenko, S. Turcaud, J. W. C. Dunlop, and L. Ionov, “Shape-programmed folding of stimuli-responsive polymer bilayers,” ACS Nano 6(5), 3925–3934 (2012).
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Wang, J.

J. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Song, L. Ren, Q. Liu, and L. Ren, “Biomimetic shape–color double-responsive 4D printing,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(9), 1900293 (2019).
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H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
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J. Hu, W. Wang, and H. Yu, “Endowing soft photo-actuators with intelligence,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 1(8), 1900050 (2019).
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Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
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Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
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Wang, Z.

J. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Song, L. Ren, Q. Liu, and L. Ren, “Biomimetic shape–color double-responsive 4D printing,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(9), 1900293 (2019).
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Y. Yang, Z. Pei, Z. Li, Y. Wei, and Y. Ji, “Making and remaking dynamic 3D structures by shining light on flat liquid crystalline vitrimer films without a mold,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(7), 2118–2121 (2016).
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A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
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X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
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W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
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X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
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Wu, X.-W.

X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
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H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
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X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
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Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
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M. Yamada, M. Kondo, R. Miyasato, Y. Naka, J.-I. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, A. Shishido, Y. Yu, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(1), 60–62 (2009).
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M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47(27), 4986–4988 (2008).
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S. Kakizaki, J. Shintake, Y. Iwatake, K. Baba, H. Takeuchi, and A. Yamamoto, “Large, fast, and bidirectional bending of slide-ring polymer materials,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(4), 1900155 (2020).
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W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
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Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
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Y. Yang, Z. Pei, Z. Li, Y. Wei, and Y. Ji, “Making and remaking dynamic 3D structures by shining light on flat liquid crystalline vitrimer films without a mold,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(7), 2118–2121 (2016).
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W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
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Yin, R.

W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
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Yu, H.

J. Hu, W. Wang, and H. Yu, “Endowing soft photo-actuators with intelligence,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 1(8), 1900050 (2019).
[Crossref]

Yu, Y.

W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
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M. Yamada, M. Kondo, R. Miyasato, Y. Naka, J.-I. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, A. Shishido, Y. Yu, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(1), 60–62 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47(27), 4986–4988 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zakharchenko, S.

G. Stoychev, S. Zakharchenko, S. Turcaud, J. W. C. Dunlop, and L. Ionov, “Shape-programmed folding of stimuli-responsive polymer bilayers,” ACS Nano 6(5), 3925–3934 (2012).
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H. Zhang, A. Mourran, and M. Moller, “Dynamic switching of helical microgel ribbons,” Nano Lett. 17(3), 2010–2014 (2017).
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Zhang, H.-W.

X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

J. Guo, R. Zhang, L. Zhang, and X. Cao, “4D printing of robust hydrogels consisted of agarose nanofibers and polyacrylamide,” ACS Macro Lett. 7(4), 442–446 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, R.

J. Guo, R. Zhang, L. Zhang, and X. Cao, “4D printing of robust hydrogels consisted of agarose nanofibers and polyacrylamide,” ACS Macro Lett. 7(4), 442–446 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Y. L.

H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhao, Q.

X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
[Crossref]

Zrinyi, M.

D. Szabo, G. Szeghy, and M. Zrinyi, “Shape transition of magnetic field sensitive polymer gels,” Macromolecules 31(19), 6541–6548 (1998).
[Crossref]

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (1)

Y. Yang, Y. Tan, X. Wang, W. An, S. Xu, W. Liao, and Y. Wang, “Photothermal nanocomposite hydrogel actuator with electric-field-induced gradient and oriented structure,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(9), 7688–7692 (2018).
[Crossref]

ACS Appl. Nano Mater. (1)

S. R. Mishra and J. B. Tracy, “Sequential actuation of shape-memory polymers through wavelength-selective photothermal heating of gold nanospheres and nanorods,” ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1(7), 3063–3067 (2018).
[Crossref]

ACS Macro Lett. (1)

J. Guo, R. Zhang, L. Zhang, and X. Cao, “4D printing of robust hydrogels consisted of agarose nanofibers and polyacrylamide,” ACS Macro Lett. 7(4), 442–446 (2018).
[Crossref]

ACS Nano (1)

G. Stoychev, S. Zakharchenko, S. Turcaud, J. W. C. Dunlop, and L. Ionov, “Shape-programmed folding of stimuli-responsive polymer bilayers,” ACS Nano 6(5), 3925–3934 (2012).
[Crossref]

Adv. Intell. Syst. (2)

J. Hu, W. Wang, and H. Yu, “Endowing soft photo-actuators with intelligence,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 1(8), 1900050 (2019).
[Crossref]

S. Kakizaki, J. Shintake, Y. Iwatake, K. Baba, H. Takeuchi, and A. Yamamoto, “Large, fast, and bidirectional bending of slide-ring polymer materials,” Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(4), 1900155 (2020).
[Crossref]

Adv. Mater. (2)

A. Kirillova, R. Maxson, G. Stoychev, C. T. Gomillion, and L. Ionov, “4D biofabrication using shape-morphing hydrogels,” Adv. Mater. 29(46), 1703443 (2017).
[Crossref]

H. Xia, J. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. D. Chen, X. B. Du, Y. L. Zhang, Y. He, and H. B. Sun, “Ferrofluids for fabrication of remotely controllable micro-nanomachines by two-photon polymerization,” Adv. Mater. 22(29), 3204–3207 (2010).
[Crossref]

Adv. Mater. Technol. (3)

J. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Song, L. Ren, Q. Liu, and L. Ren, “Biomimetic shape–color double-responsive 4D printing,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(9), 1900293 (2019).
[Crossref]

A. Gumus, A. Alam, A. M. Hussain, K. Mishra, I. Wicaksono, G. A. Torres Sevilla, S. F. Shaikh, M. Diaz, S. Velling, M. T. Ghoneim, S. M. Ahmed, and M. M. Hussain, “Expandable polymer enabled wirelessly destructible high-performance solid state electronics,”,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(5), 1600264 (2017).
[Crossref]

X. Du, H. Cui, B. Sun, J. Wang, Q. Zhao, K. Xia, T. Wu, and M. S. Humayun, “Photothermally triggered shape-adaptable 3D flexible electronics,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 2(10), 1700120 (2017).
[Crossref]

Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (1)

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials: towards light-driven plastic motors,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 47(27), 4986–4988 (2008).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

A. Ishikawa, T. Tanaka, and S. Kawata, “Improvement in the reduction of silver ions in aqueous solution using two-photon sensitive dye,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(11), 113102 (2006).
[Crossref]

T. Tanaka, A. Ishikawa, and S. Kawata, “Two-photon-induced reduction of metal ions for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive metallic microstructure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(8), 081107 (2006).
[Crossref]

K. Kaneko, H.-B. Sun, X.-M. Duan, and S. Kawata, “Two-photon photoreduction of metallic nanoparticle gratings in a polymer matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(7), 1426–1428 (2003).
[Crossref]

Appl. Surf. Sci. (1)

X.-Q. Wu, X.-W. Wu, Q. Huang, J.-S. Shen, and H.-W. Zhang, “In situ synthesized gold nanoparticles in hydrogels for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compaounds,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 331, 210–218 (2015).
[Crossref]

Bioconjugate Chem. (2)

A. Shiotani, Y. Akiyama, T. Kawano, Y. Niidome, T. Mori, Y. Katayama, and T. Niidome, “Active accumulation of gold nanorods in tumor in response to near-infrared laser irradiation,” Bioconjugate Chem. 21(11), 2049–2054 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. Kawano, Y. Niidome, T. Mori, Y. Katayama, and T. Niidome, “PNIPAM gel-coated gold nanorods for targeted delivery responding to a near-infrared laser,” Bioconjugate Chem. 20(2), 209–212 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chem. Mater. (1)

J. ter Schiphorst, S. Coleman, J. E. Stumpel, A. Ben Azouz, D. Diamond, and A. P. H. J. Schenning, “Molecular design of light-responsive hydrogels, for in situ generation of fast and reversible valves for microfluidic applications,” Chem. Mater. 27(17), 5925–5931 (2015).
[Crossref]

J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2)

Y. Yang, Z. Pei, Z. Li, Y. Wei, and Y. Ji, “Making and remaking dynamic 3D structures by shining light on flat liquid crystalline vitrimer films without a mold,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(7), 2118–2121 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Wu, L. Yao, T. Yang, R. Yin, F. Li, and Y. Yu, “NIR-light-induced deformation of cross-linked liquid-crystal polymers using upconversion nanophosphors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40), 15810–15813 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng. (1)

A. Ishikawa and T. Tanaka, “Two-photon fabrication of three-dimensional metallic nanostructures for plasmonic metamaterials,” J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng. 7(1), 11–15 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Mater. Chem. (1)

M. Yamada, M. Kondo, R. Miyasato, Y. Naka, J.-I. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, A. Shishido, Y. Yu, C. J. Barrett, and T. Ikeda, “Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements,” J. Mater. Chem. 19(1), 60–62 (2009).
[Crossref]

Langmuir (2)

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Supplementary Material (1)

NameDescription
Visualization 1       Visualizaition 1

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Incorporation of Ag particles inside PNIPAM gels by NIR femtosecond laser writing. (a) PNIPAM gel preparation on substrates, (b) immersion in AgNO3 solution, (c) femtosecond laser writing inside the gels and (d) immersion in H2O to wash away AgNO3 solution from the gels.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical microscope images of arrayed lines fabricated by femtosecond laser writing inside PNIPAM gel plates. Top views of lines formed by writing at the laser translation speed of (a) 20 μm/s and (b) 100 μm/s. (c) Cross-sectional view of lines. Lines were formed 80 μm beneath the gel surface.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Cross-sectional TEM images of a line and (b) enlarged view of Ag nanoparticles.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Absorption spectra of PNIPAM gels before and after femtosecond laser writing, (b) calculated wavelength dependence of normalized absorption cross-section σabs/V of Ag nanosphere and (c) logo formed inside a gel fiber.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Optical microscope images of PNIPAM microgel fiber at (a) 0, (b) 0.5, (c) 5, (d) 10, and (e) 20 s after switching on a 450-nm wavelength light (see Visualization 1). Irradiation was conducted for 5 s in H2O. The Ag nanoparticle-incorporated region comprised 10 parallel lines and 5 μm inter-line distances. (f) a shrunk fiber of 1 mm-diameter,which contains Ag nanoparticle incorporated by UV exposure, after the irradiation of 450-nm wavelength light.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Time dependencies of (a) the widths and (b) lengths of PNIPAM gel microfibers containing different laser-written geometric designs. The pattern was inside a single layer. (c) UV exposure time dependence for nanoparticle incorporation and (d) 450-nm irradiation power dependence of the deformation of microfibers containing Ag nanoparticles incorporated by UV-LED exposure. Deformation was induced by 450 nm wavelength light irradiation.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Time dependencies of (a) the widths and (b) lengths of PNIPAM gel microfibers containing 1 and 3 layers. Each layer had the same geometric design. Deformation was induced by 450 nm wavelength light irradiation. This irradiation to the microfiber was conducted for 5 s in H2O.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Cyclic deformation properties of the width of PNIPAM microfiber. Ag nanoparticle were incorporated by femtosecond laser direct writing. Deformation was induced by irradiation of 450-nm light. Each cycle comprised a 5 s irradiation-period followed by a 30 s interval time.

Equations (1)

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σ a b s = 18 π V ε 2 3 2 λ ε 1 ( ε 1 + 2 ε 2 ) 2 + ε 1 ,

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