Abstract

We implemented a novel compact antenna by applying a metasurface with stereo elements (stereo-MS) as the superstrate of a patch antenna. The stereo-MS, an array of stereo patches printed on a grooved dielectric substrate, enabled the footprint miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement of the patch antenna. The overall size reduction of the stereo-MS antenna is over 38% compared with the conventional plane metasurface (plane-MS) antenna working in the same frequency range. A prototype antenna working at 5.3 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. Experiments demonstrated the fractional impedance bandwidth of the antenna was 44.5% at criteria |S11 |< −10 dB, covering the frequencies 4.18 to 6.56 GHz, and the average gain about 6.9 dBi in the band. Experimental results were found in very good agreement with the design, which confirms the functionality of stereo-MS in antenna minimization. Our antenna features a compact size (0.409 $\lambda _0^2$) and low profile (3.024 mm). The stereo-MSs provide a new way for the size miniaturization of microwave and optical devices, such as antennas.

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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References

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  1. C. K. Hsu and S. J. Chung, “Compact antenna with u-shaped open-end slot structure for multi-band handset applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(2), 929–932 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  2. H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Miniaturised asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 7(2), 85–91 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  3. S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wideband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(2), 214–220 (1993).
    [Crossref]
  4. K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  5. D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  6. S. X. Ta and I. Park, “Compact wideband circularly polarized patch antenna array using metasurface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 1932–1936 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  7. C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  8. G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  9. H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Improved radiation performance of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband planar AMC surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(11), 4626–4638 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  10. T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  11. W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  12. T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  13. X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, F. Yun, M. X. Yang, and M. Huang, “Compact and broadband antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,” Opt. Express 25(16), 19023–19033 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  14. Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  15. S. X. Ta and I. Park, ““Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(12), 5929–5934 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  16. J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  17. W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  18. F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  19. F. H. Lin and Z. N. Chen, “Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(4), 1706–1713 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  20. Y. K. Chen and And C. F. Wang, “Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering”, Wiley Publishing, 2015.
  21. W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  22. C. A. Balanis, “Antenna theory: analysis and design”, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1997.
  23. W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  24. X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
    [Crossref]

2018 (3)

K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
[Crossref]

J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
[Crossref]

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (7)

F. H. Lin and Z. N. Chen, “Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(4), 1706–1713 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, F. Yun, M. X. Yang, and M. Huang, “Compact and broadband antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,” Opt. Express 25(16), 19023–19033 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. X. Ta and I. Park, “Compact wideband circularly polarized patch antenna array using metasurface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 1932–1936 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (3)

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Improved radiation performance of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband planar AMC surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(11), 4626–4638 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (2)

S. X. Ta and I. Park, ““Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(12), 5929–5934 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (3)

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. K. Hsu and S. J. Chung, “Compact antenna with u-shaped open-end slot structure for multi-band handset applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(2), 929–932 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (1)

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Miniaturised asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 7(2), 85–91 (2013).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wideband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(2), 214–220 (1993).
[Crossref]

Balanis, C. A.

C. A. Balanis, “Antenna theory: analysis and design”, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1997.

Chatterjee, J.

J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
[Crossref]

Chen, L.

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

Chen, Y. K.

Y. K. Chen and And C. F. Wang, “Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering”, Wiley Publishing, 2015.

Chen, Z. G.

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

Chen, Z. N.

F. H. Lin and Z. N. Chen, “Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(4), 1706–1713 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
[Crossref]

Cheung, S. W.

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Chung, S. J.

C. K. Hsu and S. J. Chung, “Compact antenna with u-shaped open-end slot structure for multi-band handset applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(2), 929–932 (2014).
[Crossref]

Costa, F.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

de Maagt, P. M.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

Dixit, V.

J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
[Crossref]

Dou, W. B.

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

Feng, G. R.

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

Hsu, C. K.

C. K. Hsu and S. J. Chung, “Compact antenna with u-shaped open-end slot structure for multi-band handset applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(2), 929–932 (2014).
[Crossref]

Hu, P. F.

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

Huang, M.

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, F. Yun, M. X. Yang, and M. Huang, “Compact and broadband antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,” Opt. Express 25(16), 19023–19033 (2017).
[Crossref]

Jam, S.

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Improved radiation performance of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband planar AMC surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(11), 4626–4638 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Miniaturised asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 7(2), 85–91 (2013).
[Crossref]

Jiang, Z. H.

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
[Crossref]

Lai, H. W.

K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
[Crossref]

Li, L. S.

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

Li, M.

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Li, Q. L.

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Li, X. M.

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, F. Yun, M. X. Yang, and M. Huang, “Compact and broadband antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,” Opt. Express 25(16), 19023–19033 (2017).
[Crossref]

Lin, F. H.

F. H. Lin and Z. N. Chen, “Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(4), 1706–1713 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

Liu, W.

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
[Crossref]

Liu, W. E. I.

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

Luk, K. M.

K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
[Crossref]

Luukkonen, O.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

Mak, K. M.

K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
[Crossref]

Malekpoor, H.

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Improved radiation performance of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband planar AMC surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(11), 4626–4638 (2016).
[Crossref]

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Miniaturised asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 7(2), 85–91 (2013).
[Crossref]

Mohan, A.

J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
[Crossref]

Monorchio, A.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

Pan, Y. M.

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

Panaretos, A. H.

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

Park, I.

S. X. Ta and I. Park, “Compact wideband circularly polarized patch antenna array using metasurface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 1932–1936 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. X. Ta and I. Park, ““Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(12), 5929–5934 (2015).
[Crossref]

Pozar, D. M.

S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wideband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(2), 214–220 (1993).
[Crossref]

Qing, X. M.

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
[Crossref]

Ren, P. S.

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

Shen, R.

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

Shi, X. W.

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

Simovski, C. R.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

Sun, D.

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

Ta, S. X.

S. X. Ta and I. Park, “Compact wideband circularly polarized patch antenna array using metasurface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 1932–1936 (2017).
[Crossref]

S. X. Ta and I. Park, ““Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(12), 5929–5934 (2015).
[Crossref]

Targonski, S. D.

S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wideband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(2), 214–220 (1993).
[Crossref]

Tretyakov, S. A.

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, And C. F.

Y. K. Chen and And C. F. Wang, “Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering”, Wiley Publishing, 2015.

Werner, D. H.

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
[Crossref]

Xue, X. S.

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

Yan, X. Q.

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

Yang, J. J.

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, F. Yun, M. X. Yang, and M. Huang, “Compact and broadband antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,” Opt. Express 25(16), 19023–19033 (2017).
[Crossref]

Yang, M. X.

Yang, W. W.

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

You, L. Z.

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

Yu, Z. Q.

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

Yue, T. W.

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
[Crossref]

Yun, F.

Zhang, X. Y.

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zheng, S. Y.

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

Zhou, C. F.

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

Zhou, J. Y.

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

C. F. Zhou, S. W. Cheung, Q. L. Li, and M. Li, “Bandwidth and gain improvement of a crossed slot antenna with metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110(21), 211603 (2017).
[Crossref]

IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. (4)

G. R. Feng, L. Chen, X. S. Xue, and X. W. Shi, “Broadband surface-wave antenna with a novel non-uniform tapered meta-surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 2902–2905 (2017).
[Crossref]

D. Sun, W. B. Dou, L. Z. You, X. Q. Yan, and R. Shen, “A broadband proximity-coupled stacked microstrip antenna with cavity-backed configuration,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 10(3), 1055–1058 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. X. Ta and I. Park, “Compact wideband circularly polarized patch antenna array using metasurface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 16, 1932–1936 (2017).
[Crossref]

J. Chatterjee, A. Mohan, and V. Dixit, “Broadband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna using reactive impedance surface,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(4), 625–628 (2018).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. (14)

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(3), 1165–1172 (2014).
[Crossref]

F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, and P. M. de Maagt, “TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59(10), 3588–3596 (2011).
[Crossref]

F. H. Lin and Z. N. Chen, “Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(4), 1706–1713 (2017).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Pan, P. F. Hu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. Y. Zheng, “A low profile high gain and wideband filtering antenna with metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 2010–2016 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. X. Ta and I. Park, ““Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(12), 5929–5934 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Improved radiation performance of low profile printed slot antenna using wideband planar AMC surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(11), 4626–4638 (2016).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, A. H. Panaretos, and D. H. Werner, “A compact dual-band antenna enabled by a complementary split ring resonator loaded metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6878–6888 (2017).
[Crossref]

W. E. I. Liu, Z. N. Chen, X. M. Qing, and F. H. Lin, “Miniaturized wideband metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 7345–7349 (2017).
[Crossref]

T. W. Yue, Z. H. Jiang, and D. H. Werner, “Compact, Wideband Antennas Enabled by Interdigitated Capacitor Loaded Metasurfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64(5), 1595–1606 (2016).
[Crossref]

C. K. Hsu and S. J. Chung, “Compact antenna with u-shaped open-end slot structure for multi-band handset applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(2), 929–932 (2014).
[Crossref]

S. D. Targonski and D. M. Pozar, “Design of wideband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41(2), 214–220 (1993).
[Crossref]

K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, and K. M. Luk, “A 5G wideband patch antenna with antisymmetric l-shaped probe feeds,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(2), 957–961 (2018).
[Crossref]

W. W. Yang, J. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Yu, and L. S. Li, “Single-fed low-profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62(10), 5406–5410 (2014).
[Crossref]

W. Liu, Z. N. Chen, and X. M. Qing, “Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband aperture-coupled grid-slotted patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63(7), 3325–3329 (2015).
[Crossref]

IET Microw. Antennas Propag. (1)

H. Malekpoor and S. Jam, “Miniaturised asymmetric E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with folded-patch feed,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 7(2), 85–91 (2013).
[Crossref]

Intl. J. Antennas Propag. (1)

X. M. Li, J. J. Yang, Z. G. Chen, P. S. Ren, and M. Huang, “Design and characterization of a miniaturized antenna based on palisade-shaped metasurface,” Intl. J. Antennas Propag. 2018, 1–9 (2018).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Other (2)

Y. K. Chen and And C. F. Wang, “Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering”, Wiley Publishing, 2015.

C. A. Balanis, “Antenna theory: analysis and design”, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1997.

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematics of the unit cell of (a) proposed stereo-MS element, and (b) conventional plane-MS element. (c)-(d) Dispersive curves of MS with stereo element and MS with plane element. The results are obtained at parameters: h1 = 1.5, hg = 0.75, g1 = 0.5, g2 = 0.8, p = p1 = 8, all in millimeters.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) and (c) The schematics of simulation setup. The substrate 1 and 2 are the dielectrics FR4B and Rogers RO4003, respectively. (b) and (d) The modal significances of the stereo-MS and conventional plane-MS. The calculations are performed by commercial solver CST Studio Suite.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Configuration of the stereo-MS antenna. The optimized dimensions are L = 33, p = 8, g1 = 0.5, g2 = 0.8, l = 13.2, w = 13.5, wc = 6.05, lm = wm = 3.5, ls = 3.6, ws = 0.4, lf = 8.5, all in millimeters.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Comparison of |S11| (a) and gain (d) between reference antenna, patch antenna and stereo-MS antenna. Simulated |S11| of the stereo-MS antenna with (b) a different g1 and (c) a different g2. Simulated radiation patterns in (e) E- (f) H-planes at 4.4, 5.5 and 6.3 GHz.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Modal significances of the stereo-MS antenna; (b)–(d) Simulated modal currents (CST). Jn represents the modal surface current of mode n. (e)-(g) Surface currents (HFSS) of the stereo-MS antenna at 4.4, 5.6 and 6.3 GHz.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Modal significances and (b) modal currents of patch antenna; (c) Modal currents of Stereo-MS antenna. The modal currents corresponding to (d) J1 and (e) J3 of cavity; Simulated E-field distributions of stereo-MS antenna in y = 16.4 mm plane at (f) 4.40 and (g) 5.56 GHz.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) Image of metasurface (left) and patch antenna (right). (b) Image of stereo-MS antenna.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (a) The simulated and measured reflection coefficients for |S11|, as well as the gain. (b) E-plane and (c) H-plane radiation patterns at 5.3 GHz.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Propertomparison among different antennas with the proposed designa

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