25 April 2022, Volume 30, Issue 9, pp. 13915-15819  
149 articles

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Profile probing of suspended particles in water by Stokes vector polarimetry

Opt. Express 30(9), 14924-14937 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High-precision inversion of dynamic radiography using hydrodynamic features

Opt. Express 30(9), 14432-14452 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Single-shot imaging with multiple frames through delaying optical images

Opt. Express 30(9), 14645-14650 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Measures of illuminant-induced metameric mismatch: theory, comparative analysis, and implications for application

Opt. Express 30(9), 14686-14708 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Selective broadband absorption by mode splitting for radiative cooling

Opt. Express 30(9), 14258-14273 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Energy yield modelling of textured perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics with thick perovskite top cells

Opt. Express 30(9), 14172-14188 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Modeling the optical properties of Morpho-inspired thin-film interference filters on structured surfaces

Opt. Express 30(9), 14586-14599 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Laser-cooled 171Yb+ microwave frequency standard with a short-term frequency instability of 8.5 × 10−13/√τ

Opt. Express 30(9), 14574-14585 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Nonadiabatic strong field ionization of noble gas atoms in elliptically polarized laser pulses

Opt. Express 30(9), 14873-14885 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Laser linewidth characterization via self-homodyne measurement under nearly-coherent conditions

Opt. Express 30(9), 14492-14504 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Design considerations and performance analysis of a fiber laser array system for structuring orbital angular momentum beams: a simulation study

Opt. Express 30(9), 15279-15309 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Anti-loss-compression image encryption based on computational ghost imaging using discrete cosine transform and orthogonal patterns

Opt. Express 30(9), 14073-14087 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Autofocusing self-imaging: symmetric Pearcey Talbot-like effect

Opt. Express 30(9), 14146-14160 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Phase retrieval by random binary amplitude modulation and ptychography principle

Opt. Express 30(9), 14505-14517 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Multi-tasking geometric phase element array based self-referenced vortex interferometer for three-dimensional topography

Opt. Express 30(9), 14661-14668 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Priors-guided convolutional neural network for 3D foveal avascular zone segmentation

Opt. Express 30(9), 14723-14736 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Explicit-restriction convolutional framework for lensless imaging

Opt. Express 30(9), 15266-15278 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Local resolution characteristics of atmospheric turbulence

Opt. Express 30(9), 15388-15400 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Multifocal confocal microscopy using a volume holographic lenslet array illuminator

Opt. Express 30(9), 14910-14923 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Three-dimensional particle size and position measurement by linear complex amplitude Wiener filtering

Opt. Express 30(9), 15008-15023 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

X-ray Fourier transform holography with beam shaping optical elements

Opt. Express 30(9), 15566-15574 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Broadband efficient anomalous reflection using an aggressively discretized metasurface

Opt. Express 30(9), 15735-15746 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Enhancing critical resolution of a ghost imaging system by using a vortex beam

Opt. Express 30(9), 14061-14072 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High-speed super-resolution imaging with compressive imaging-based structured illumination microscopy

Opt. Express 30(9), 14287-14299 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Learning to autofocus in whole slide imaging via physics-guided deep cascade networks

Opt. Express 30(9), 14319-14340 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Compact and versatile neutron imaging detector with sub-4μm spatial resolution based on a single-crystal thin-film scintillator

Opt. Express 30(9), 14461-14477 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Airy-like beam-based light-sheet microscopy with improved FOV for zebrafish intracerebral hemorrhage

Opt. Express 30(9), 14709-14722 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (6)]

Liquid-crystal based drift-free polarization modulators: Part I. Design and operation

Opt. Express 30(9), 14966-14977 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

High speed surface defects detection of mirrors based on ultrafast single-pixel imaging

Opt. Express 30(9), 15037-15048 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Fast lightweight framework for time-of-flight super-resolution based on block compressed sensing

Opt. Express 30(9), 15096-15112 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

X-ray Compton backscattering imaging via structured light

Opt. Express 30(9), 15211-15226 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Single-shot quantitative aberration and scattering length measurements in mouse brain tissues using an extended-source Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

Opt. Express 30(9), 15250-15265 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Resonant dielectric multilayer with controlled absorption for enhanced total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

Opt. Express 30(9), 15365-15375 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (3)]

Simultaneous illumination and imaging based on a single multimode fiber

Opt. Express 30(9), 15596-15606 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Versatile compressive microscope for hyperspectral transmission and fluorescence lifetime imaging

Opt. Express 30(9), 15708-15720 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Wavelet convolutional neural network for robust and fast temperature measurements in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

Opt. Express 30(9), 13942-13958 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Iterative space-variant sphere-model deflectometry enabling designation-model-free measurement of the freeform surface

Opt. Express 30(9), 14019-14032 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Co-phase state detection for segmented mirrors by dual-wavelength optical vortex phase-shifting interferometry

Opt. Express 30(9), 14088-14102 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Transformation from asymmetric spin splitting to symmetric spin splitting with phase compensation in photonic spin Hall effect

Opt. Express 30(9), 14112-14120 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultrawide-range radiation detection based on dynamic identification and analysis of the response of a monolithic active pixel sensor

Opt. Express 30(9), 14134-14145 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Universal calibration for a ring camera array based on a rotational target

Opt. Express 30(9), 14538-14552 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Channeled spectropolarimeter with arbitrary retarder orientation settings

Opt. Express 30(9), 14553-14564 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Hybrid-quality-guided phase fusion model for high dynamic range 3D surface measurement by structured light technology

Opt. Express 30(9), 14600-14614 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Use of nanosecond excitation pulses in fluorescence lifetime measurement via phasor analysis

Opt. Express 30(9), 14677-14685 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Superachromatic polarization modulator for stable and complete polarization measurement over an ultra-wide spectral range

Opt. Express 30(9), 15113-15133 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Transverse light-shift in a spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometer: measurement, decoupling, and suppression

Opt. Express 30(9), 15310-15326 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Remote photonic sensing of action potential in mammalian nerve cells via histogram-based analysis of temporal spatial acoustic vibrations

Opt. Express 30(9), 15512-15523 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Investigating spray flames for nanoparticle synthesis via tomographic imaging using multi-simultaneous measurements (TIMes) of emission

Opt. Express 30(9), 15524-15545 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (2)]

Virtual-real combination Ritchey-Common interferometry

Opt. Express 30(9), 15777-15795 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Interlayer directional coupling thermo-optic waveguide switches based on functionalized epoxy-crosslinking polymers

Opt. Express 30(9), 13931-13941 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Athermal echelle grating and tunable echelle grating demultiplexers using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer launch structure

Opt. Express 30(9), 14202-14217 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Optical and geometric parameter extraction for photonic integrated circuits

Opt. Express 30(9), 14453-14460 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultrafast all-optical phase switching enabled by epsilon-near-zero materials in silicon

Opt. Express 30(9), 14518-14529 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Guided-mode based arbitrary signal switching through an inverse-designed ultra-compact mode switching device

Opt. Express 30(9), 15446-15457 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Compact and high Q-factor multimode racetrack ring resonator based on transformation optics

Opt. Express 30(9), 15766-15776 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Single-mode sapphire fiber Bragg grating

Opt. Express 30(9), 15482-15494 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (12)]

Noise-like pulse generation and amplification from soliton pulses

Opt. Express 30(9), 13977-13984 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Vegetation and land classification method based on the background noise rate of a photon-counting LiDAR

Opt. Express 30(9), 14121-14133 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Elastic and inelastic collision dynamics between soliton molecules and a single soliton

Opt. Express 30(9), 14218-14231 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High directionality of surface radiation for surface emitting distributed feedback lasers

Opt. Express 30(9), 14243-14257 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (10)]

Thulium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation in a chalcogenide tapered fiber

Opt. Express 30(9), 14300-14310 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultra-narrow-linewidth DFB laser array based on dual-cavity feedback

Opt. Express 30(9), 14617-14628 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultra-high harmonic mode-locking with a micro-fiber knot resonator and Lyot filter

Opt. Express 30(9), 14770-14781 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Machine learning analysis of instabilities in noise-like pulse lasers

Opt. Express 30(9), 15060-15072 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Standoff CARS spectroscopy and imaging using an ytterbium-based laser system

Opt. Express 30(9), 15376-15387 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Passively Q-switched microchip laser based picosecond light source in the visible-red to near-infrared band for semiconductor excitation

Opt. Express 30(9), 15428-15435 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Arrival time fluctuation of the SwissFEL photocathode laser: characterization by a single color balanced cross correlator

Opt. Express 30(9), 15495-15511 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High-energy single-frequency pulsed fiber MOPA at 1064 nm based on a hybrid active-fiber

Opt. Express 30(9), 15575-15582 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Effect of linewidth enhancement factor on the generation of optical vortices in a class-A degenerate cavity semiconductor laser

Opt. Express 30(9), 15648-15658 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Direct modulation bandwidth enhancement of uncooled DFB laser operating over a wide temperature range based on groove-in-trench waveguide structure

Opt. Express 30(9), 15757-15765 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Narrow linewidth semiconductor laser with a multi-period-delayed feedback photonic circuit

Opt. Express 30(9), 15796-15806 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:BaF2 laser

Opt. Express 30(9), 15807-15818 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Efficient flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with unipolar charge injection

Opt. Express 30(9), 15747-15756 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Elasticity measurements of ocular anterior and posterior segments using optical coherence elastography

Opt. Express 30(9), 14311-14318 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Realization of ultrawide-angle high transmission and its applications in 5G millimeter-wave communications

Opt. Express 30(9), 14002-14018 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Analytical theory of finite-size photonic crystal slabs near the band edge

Opt. Express 30(9), 14033-14047 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Development of hard masks for reactive ion beam angled etching of diamond

Opt. Express 30(9), 14189-14201 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Lithography-free tunable absorber at visible region via one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of an α-MoO3 layer

Opt. Express 30(9), 14408-14420 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Quantitative analysis of nonlinear optical input/output of a quantum-dot network based on the echo state property

Opt. Express 30(9), 14669-14676 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Polarization properties in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs at mid-infrared frequencies

Opt. Express 30(9), 14748-14758 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Broadband and high-efficiency photonic spin-Hall effect with all-metallic metasurfaces

Opt. Express 30(9), 14938-14947 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Design and prediction of PIT devices through deep learning

Opt. Express 30(9), 14985-14997 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultra-broadband Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurface for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization and beam splitter

Opt. Express 30(9), 15158-15171 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Micro-cavity optimization for ultra-sensitive all-dielectric optical sensors

Opt. Express 30(9), 15344-15364 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Two regimes of confinement in photonic nanocavities: bulk confinement versus lightning rods

Opt. Express 30(9), 15458-15469 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Sensitivity enhancement of fiber optical polarimetric sensors using self-induced nonlinear phase modulation via the Kerr effect

Opt. Express 30(9), 13985-13993 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Study of nonlinear effects and self-heating in a silicon microring resonator including a Shockley-Read-Hall model for carrier recombination

Opt. Express 30(9), 14341-14357 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Numerical study of absorption-enhanced parametric amplification

Opt. Express 30(9), 15073-15084 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Dispersion compensation of high-speed data using an integrated silicon nitride ring resonator

Opt. Express 30(9), 13959-13967 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High-gain narrowband radio frequency signal amplifier based on a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator

Opt. Express 30(9), 13994-14001 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Performance investigation of the probability-aided maximum likelihood sequence detector for a probabilistic shaped 16-QAM system

Opt. Express 30(9), 14421-14431 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Low-latency and efficient retiming and equalizing scheme for a 112-Gbps bandwidth-limited optical PAM-4 system

Opt. Express 30(9), 14565-14573 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Monocular vision aided optical tracking for underwater optical wireless communications

Opt. Express 30(9), 14737-14747 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Chaotic physical layer encryption scheme based on phase ambiguity for a DMT system

Opt. Express 30(9), 14782-14797 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Symbol division multiplexing in optical fiber communication systems

Opt. Express 30(9), 14998-15007 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

12 Gbit/s indoor optical wireless communication system with ultrafast beam-steering using tunable VCSEL

Opt. Express 30(9), 15049-15059 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Single-collision-induced path loss model of reflection-assisted non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications

Opt. Express 30(9), 15227-15237 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

High-security multi-level constellation shaping trellis-coded modulation method based on clustering mapping rules

Opt. Express 30(9), 15401-15415 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

C-band 200 Gbit/s/λ PAM-4 transmission over 2-km SSMF using look-up-table pre-distortion combined with nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding

Opt. Express 30(9), 15416-15427 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Wavelength dimension in waveguide-based photonic reservoir computing

Opt. Express 30(9), 15634-15647 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Effective handling of nonlinear distortions in CO-OFDM using affinity propagation clustering

Opt. Express 30(9), 15697-15707 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Multifocal wavefronts with prescribed caustics in axially symmetric optical systems

Opt. Express 30(9), 14274-14286 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Increasing optical pose estimation accuracy via freeform design and its application to hand-eye calibration

Opt. Express 30(9), 14368-14383 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Development of a quasi-collimated UV LED backlight for producing uniform and smooth 3D printing objects

Opt. Express 30(9), 14759-14769 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Electro-optic high-speed optical beam shifting based on a lithium niobate tapered waveguide

Opt. Express 30(9), 14530-14537 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Large-area SnTe nanofilm: preparation and its broadband photodetector with ultra-low dark current

Opt. Express 30(9), 14828-14838 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Noise optimization of single-photon avalanche diodes fabricated in 110 nm CMOS image sensor technology

Opt. Express 30(9), 14958-14965 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Strain and temperature measurement discrimination with forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers

Opt. Express 30(9), 14384-14392 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Flexible chalcogenide glass large-core multimode fibers for hundred-watt-level mid-infrared 2-5 µm laser transmission

Opt. Express 30(9), 14629-14644 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Endoscopic displacement measurement based on fiber optic bundles

Opt. Express 30(9), 14948-14957 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Connector-style hollow-core fiber interconnections

Opt. Express 30(9), 15149-15157 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Real-time measurement of parametric influences on the refractive index and length changes in silica optical fibers

Opt. Express 30(9), 15659-15668 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Numerical modeling of optical modes in topological soft matter

Opt. Express 30(9), 14393-14407 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Giant photoinduced inverse spin Hall effect of the surface states in three dimensional topological insulators Bi2Te3 with different thickness

Opt. Express 30(9), 15085-15095 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Anisotropic behavior of random lasing in a highly concentrated dye solution

Opt. Express 30(9), 15685-15696 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Enhanced frequency-modulated continuous-wave generation by injection-locking period-one oscillation in a semiconductor laser with an intensity modulated comb

Opt. Express 30(9), 14886-14896 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Transversely oriented cylindrically polarized optical fields

Opt. Express 30(9), 14897-14909 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Towards fine recognition of orbital angular momentum modes through smoke

Opt. Express 30(9), 15172-15183 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Tunable plasmonically induced transparency with giant group delay in gain-assisted graphene metamaterials

Opt. Express 30(9), 14103-14111 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Exploiting a strong coupling regime of organic pentamer surface plasmon resonance based on the Otto configuration for creatinine detection

Opt. Express 30(9), 14478-14491 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Investigation of bound states in the continuum in dual-band perfect absorbers

Opt. Express 30(9), 14817-14827 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Simulating a graphene-based acousto-plasmonic biosensor to eliminate the interference of surrounding medium

Opt. Express 30(9), 15721-15734 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Spatially strongly confined atomic excitation via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Opt. Express 30(9), 13915-13930 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Photon transport and interference of bound states in a one-dimensional waveguide

Opt. Express 30(9), 14048-14060 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Generation of Schrödinger cat states with Wigner negativity using a continuous-wave low-loss waveguide optical parametric amplifier

Opt. Express 30(9), 14161-14171 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Composable security for inter-satellite continuous-variable quantum key distribution in the terahertz band

Opt. Express 30(9), 14798-14816 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Automated machine learning for secure key rate in discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Opt. Express 30(9), 15024-15036 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Bayesian homodyne and heterodyne tomography

Opt. Express 30(9), 15184-15200 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Fine-grained all-fiber nonlocal dispersion compensation in the telecommunications O-band

Opt. Express 30(9), 15607-15615 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Miniature Fourier transform spectrometer based on a fiber-tip interferometer

Opt. Express 30(9), 15134-15148 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Fast and high-resolution spectroscopy based on asynchronous optical sampling

Opt. Express 30(9), 15201-15210 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for OH radical detection at 2.8 µm using a DFB diode laser

Opt. Express 30(9), 15238-15249 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Dual-band terahertz all-silicon metasurface with giant chirality for frequency-undifferentiated near-field imaging

Opt. Express 30(9), 14232-14242 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Chiral biosensing using terahertz twisted chiral metamaterial

Opt. Express 30(9), 14651-14660 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Direct observation of terahertz topological valley transport

Opt. Express 30(9), 14839-14850 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Experimental observation of optically generated unipolar electromagnetic precursors

Opt. Express 30(9), 14978-14984 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Electromagnetically induced transparency based on a carbon nanotube film terahertz metasurface

Opt. Express 30(9), 15436-15445 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Ultra-broadband THz pulses with electric field amplitude exceeding 100 kV/cm at a 200 kHz repetition rate

Opt. Express 30(9), 15556-15565 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Artificial neural networks for material parameter extraction in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Opt. Express 30(9), 15583-15595 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (8)]

Simultaneous contrast improvement and temporal compression using divided-pulse nonlinear compression

Opt. Express 30(9), 13968-13976 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Generation and complete polarimetry of ultrashort circularly polarized extreme-ultraviolet pulses

Opt. Express 30(9), 14358-14367 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Efficient high-order harmonics generation from overdense plasma irradiated by a two-color co-rotating circularly polarized laser pulse

Opt. Express 30(9), 15470-15481 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Non-classical high harmonic generation in graphene driven by linearly-polarized laser pulses

Opt. Express 30(9), 15546-15555 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Editors' Pick

Deep learning in attosecond metrology

Opt. Express 30(9), 15669-15684 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF  [Suppl. Mat. (1)]

Operation of a fiber-coupled laser-cooler down to cryogenic temperatures: publisher’s note

Opt. Express 30(9), 15819-15819 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF

Clamping-force induced birefringence in a single-mode fiber in commercial V-grooves investigated with distributed polarization analysis: erratum

Opt. Express 30(9), 14615-14616 (2022)  View: HTML | PDF