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Optical damage control via the Fe 2 + Fe 3 + ratio in proton-exchanged LiNbO 3 waveguides

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Abstract

Intensity thresholds for the onset of optical damage in α-phase proton-exchanged waveguides on undoped LiNbO3 have been increased from the substrate value to a factor 500 greater. This has been achieved by increasing the exchange time, which in turn increases the [Fe2+][Fe3+] ratio in the guide. Intensity thresholds have been measured with a single-beam configuration, while [Fe2+][Fe3+] ratios have been determined from decay measurements during optical erasure of photorefractive gratings. In heavily Fe-doped guides, thresholds are too small to be measured, but the dependence of the Fe2+ absorption on the exchange time appears similar to undoped samples.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

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