Abstract

A fiber in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer is fabricated by selectively filling liquid into one air hole of the innermost layer of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The refractive index of the liquid is so close to that of the background silica in the wavelength range of 1300–1600 nm that the two-mode PCF evolves into multimode PCF with an elliptically shaped core. Due to the different propagation constants, interference can occur between the fundamental mode and higher-order modes of the liquid-filled PCF. Such a device is applied in temperature and strain measurements with high sensitivities of $16.49\mathrm{nm}/°\mathrm{C}$ and $-14.595\mathrm{nm}/\mathrm{N}$, respectively.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

Microfiber in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer for strain sensing

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