In situ characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy

Alexander Blättermann; Christian Ott; Andreas Kaldun; Thomas Ding; Veit Stooß; Martin Laux; Marc Rebholz; Thomas Pfeifer

doi:10.1364/OL.40.003464

Optics Letters
Vol. 40,
Issue 15,
pp. 3464-3467
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.40.003464

In situ characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy

Alexander Blättermann, Christian Ott, Andreas Kaldun, Thomas Ding, Veit Stooß, Martin Laux, Marc Rebholz, and Thomas Pfeifer

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Alexander Blättermann, Christian Ott, Andreas Kaldun, Thomas Ding, Veit Stooß, Martin Laux, Marc Rebholz, and Thomas Pfeifer, "In situ characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 40, 3464-3467 (2015)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Spectroscopy
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Line shapes and shifts (020.3690)
- Strong field laser physics (020.2649)
- Absorption (300.1030)
- Ultrafast measurements (320.7100)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (320.7150)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 6, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: June 5, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: June 9, 2015
- Published: July 20, 2015

Abstract

Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy has thus far been lacking the capability to simultaneously characterize the intense laser pulses at work within a time-resolved quantum-dynamics experiment. However, precise knowledge of these pulses is key to extracting quantitative information in strong-field highly nonlinear light–matter interactions. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast metrology tool based on the time-delay-dependent phase shift imprinted on a strong-field-driven resonance. Since we analyze the signature of the laser pulse interacting with the absorbing spectroscopy target, the laser pulse duration and intensity are determined in situ. As we also show, this approach allows for the quantification of time-dependent bound-state dynamics in one and the same experiment. In the future, such experimental data will facilitate more precise tests of strong-field dynamics theories.

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References

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Article Order
Year
Author
Publication

R. Kienberger, E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, F. Bammer, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Nature 427, 817 (2004).
[Crossref]
E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]
E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]
Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]
H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]
E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]
R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Schultze, E. M. Bothschafter, A. Sommer, S. Holzner, W. Schweinberger, M. Fiess, M. Hofstetter, R. Kienberger, V. Apalkov, V. S. Yakovlev, M. I. Stockman, and F. Krausz, Nature 493, 75 (2013).
[Crossref]
C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]
C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]
C. D. Lin and W.-C. Chu, Science 340, 694 (2013).
[Crossref]
A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]
A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]
B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]
M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]
K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]
U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
[Crossref]

2014 (4)

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (4)

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. D. Lin and W.-C. Chu, Science 340, 694 (2013).
[Crossref]

M. Schultze, E. M. Bothschafter, A. Sommer, S. Holzner, W. Schweinberger, M. Fiess, M. Hofstetter, R. Kienberger, V. Apalkov, V. S. Yakovlev, M. I. Stockman, and F. Krausz, Nature 493, 75 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

2011 (3)

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

R. Kienberger, E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, F. Bammer, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Nature 427, 817 (2004).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

1961 (1)

U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
[Crossref]

Apalkov, V.

Apolonski, A.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

Argenti, L.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Azzeer, A. M.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Baltuska, A.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Bammer, F.

Beck, A. R.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Bell, M. J.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Bernhardt, B.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Blättermann, A.

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Bothschafter, E. M.

Bozek, J. D.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Buth, C.

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Cavalieri, A. L.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chang, Z.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chen, S.

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cheng, Y.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chini, M.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chu, S.-I.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

Chu, W.-C.

C. D. Lin and W.-C. Chu, Science 340, 694 (2013).
[Crossref]

Correa, R. E.

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ding, T.

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Domke, M.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Drescher, M.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Evers, J.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Fano, U.

U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
[Crossref]

Fiess, M.

Fischer, A.

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

Gaarde, M. B.

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

Gallmann, L.

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

Goulielmakis, E.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Greene, C. H.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Hagstotz, S.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Haxton, D. J.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

He, F.

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Heck, R.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Heimann, P. A.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Heinzmann, U.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hofstetter, M.

Holler, M.

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

Holzner, S.

Kaindl, G.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Kaldun, A.

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Keitel, C. H.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Keller, U.

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

Khalil, M.

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kienberger, R.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kleineberg, U.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kling, M. F.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Krausz, F.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Laux, M.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Leone, S. R.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Li, X.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Lin, C. D.

C. D. Lin and W.-C. Chu, Science 340, 694 (2013).
[Crossref]

Loh, Z.-H.

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Madronero, J.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Martin, F.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

McCurdy, C. W.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Meyer, K.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Neumark, D. M.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Ott, C.

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Pervak, V.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

Pfeifer, T.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Raith, P.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

Rohringer, N.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Rost, J. M.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Santra, R.

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schafer, K. J.

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

Schapper, F.

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

Schlachter, A. S.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Schultze, M.

Schulz, K.

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

Schweinberger, W.

Scrinzi, A.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Sommer, A.

Stockman, M. I.

Tate, J. L.

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

Telnov, D. A.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

Thumm, U.

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Uiberacker, M.

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wang, X.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

Warrick, E. R.

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Westerwalbesloh, T.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wirth, A.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wu, Y.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Yakovlev, V.

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

Yakovlev, V. S.

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

Zhang, C.-H.

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Y.

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

Zhao, D.

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zherebtsov, S.

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. B (1)

A. Blättermann, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, T. Ding, and T. Pfeifer, J. Phys. B 47, 124008 (2014).
[Crossref]

Nature (4)

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, L. Argenti, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, Y. Zhang, A. Blättermann, S. Hagstotz, T. Ding, R. Heck, J. Madronero, F. Martin, and T. Pfeifer, Nature 516, 374 (2014).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, Z.-H. Loh, A. Wirth, R. Santra, N. Rohringer, V. S. Yakovlev, S. Zherebtsov, T. Pfeifer, A. M. Azzeer, M. F. Kling, S. R. Leone, and F. Krausz, Nature 466, 739 (2010).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. (1)

U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. A (3)

R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Bernhardt, A. R. Beck, X. Li, E. R. Warrick, M. J. Bell, D. J. Haxton, C. W. McCurdy, D. M. Neumark, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023408 (2014).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (5)

A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
[Crossref]

K. Schulz, G. Kaindl, M. Domke, J. D. Bozek, P. A. Heimann, A. S. Schlachter, and J. M. Rost, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3086 (1996).
[Crossref]

M. Holler, F. Schapper, L. Gallmann, and U. Keller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 123601 (2011).
[Crossref]

Z.-H. Loh, M. Khalil, R. E. Correa, R. Santra, C. Buth, and S. R. Leone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 143601 (2007).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
[Crossref]

Sci. Rep. (1)

M. Chini, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, D. Zhao, D. A. Telnov, S.-I. Chu, and Z. Chang, Sci. Rep. 3, 1105 (2013).
[Crossref]

Science (4)

C. D. Lin and W.-C. Chu, Science 340, 694 (2013).
[Crossref]

C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Science 340, 716 (2013).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Science 305, 1267 (2004).
[Crossref]

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, Science 317, 769 (2007).
[Crossref]

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Fig. 1. Dipole control model. (a) Perturbations to the field-free evolution of the dipole response (dashed blue) are treated as instantaneous modifications of the amplitude and phase expressed by the complex factor A. The perturbed decay (dark purple, light purple) is shown for two time delays

(τ_{1}, τ_{2})

, leading to very different spectral line shapes (inset). (b) Treatment of a ponderomotive shift in the dipole control model. Instead of a continuously modified dipole phase

φ_{P} (t)

, the effect of the dressing field is approximated by a single phase step at time

τ

, the peak of the intense laser pulse envelope. Since the temporal profile of the dressing laser pulse intensity is mapped onto

φ (τ)

via Eq. (4), it is possible to determine the pulse duration and intensity.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2. Pulse characterization (experiment). (a) Measured time-delay dependent absorption spectra of the helium

{sp}_{2,4 +}

and

{sp}_{2,5 +}

Fano resonance lines dressed by a few-cycle NIR pulse that leads to a transient ponderomotive energy shift. In order to obtain better statistics, the data is binned along the

τ

axis for about one laser cycle (16 time-delay steps). (b) Result of fitting the experimental data with the DCM function from Eq. (5). (c) Laser-induced phase

φ (τ)

retrieved from the fit as a function of time delay. A fit with an integrated

{sech}^{2}

profile (solid lines) yields the pulse duration and intensity. The pulse profile obtained from this fit is plotted in gray with a duration of 6.9 fs FWHM intensity.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3. Pulse characterization (simulation) for a validity check of the method. The input pulse (solid gray line and area) is compared to the pulse form (solid line) that is calculated from the retrieved phase (dashed line). Depicted are the results obtained for infinite (blue) and finite (red) spectrometer resolution. The XUV pulse used has an FWHM duration of 150 as.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

d (t > 0) \propto - {i e}^{i ω_{r} t - \frac{Γ}{2} t + i φ_{0}} .

d_{τ} (t, τ) \propto {\begin{matrix} 0 & t < 0 \\ f_{1} (t) & 0 < t < τ \\ A (τ) f_{1} (t) & t > τ \end{matrix} .

φ_{P} (t, τ) = {1 / ℏ \int}_{0}^{t} U_{P} (t^{'} - τ) d t^{'} .

A (τ) = e^{i φ (τ)} = \exp [i {/ ℏ \int}_{0}^{\infty} U_{P} (t - τ) d t] .

{\tilde{D}}_{τ} (ω, τ) \propto {\begin{matrix} \frac{1 - e^{i (ω_{r} - ω) τ - Γ / 2 τ} (1 - e^{i φ (τ)})}{ω_{r} - ω + i Γ / 2} e^{i φ_{0}} & τ > 0 \\ \frac{e^{i φ (τ)}}{ω_{r} - ω + i Γ / 2} e^{i φ_{0}} & τ < 0 \end{matrix} .