Abstract

It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC) made of quarter waves stacked on top of a prism exhibits both TE and TM resonances that coincide with the critical angle ${\theta }_c$ when the 1D-PC is semi-infinite and with very little deviation from ${\theta }_c$ for a finite 1D-PC. As a refractive index (RI) sensor, it behaves as a total internal reflection sensor at ${\theta }_c$ with the advantage of detecting a narrow dip rather than an edge and enhanced figure of merit by increasing the number of periods in the 1D-PC. Using the diverging beam approach on an optical bench, a two channel sensor is demonstrated with a sensitivity of 120.9 deg/RIU and a detection limit of $1.9\times {10}^{-5}\mathrm{RIU}$.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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