Abstract

We present an extended Maxwell–Hydrodynamic model of free electron dynamics on metal–dielectric interfaces that allows us to study numerically the THz emission from nonlinear metasurfaces. This model is applied on a metasurface consisting of split ring resonators, which has been previously studied and shown to produce broadband terahertz (THz) radiation. Investigations of the emitted THz radiation as function of the duration of the excitation laser reveal a tuning mechanism in terms of both spectral peak position and intensity. We also use the model to propose a new metasurface-activated waveguide platform that efficiently generates THz waveguide modes. Tunability mechanisms of the generated THz are shown. Due to its unique characteristics, we believe that this new platform might play a major role in forthcoming THz applications.

© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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References

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  • Publication
  1. Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
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  7. M. Scheller, Opt. Express 19, 10647 (2011).
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  8. M. Tonouchi, Nat. Photonics 1, 97 (2007).
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  9. G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
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  13. Y. Zhong, W. Streyer, K. Feng, A. J. Hoffman, and D. Wasserman, Opt. Express 23, A1418 (2015).
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  14. L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
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  16. S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
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  17. N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
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  18. S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
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  19. M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
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  29. R. Mendis, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083115 (2007).
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2019 (3)

S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
[Crossref]

Z. Guo, Z. Li, and K. Guo, Ann. Phys. 531, 1800470 (2019).
[Crossref]

2018 (2)

2017 (1)

M. Fang, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, and X. Wu, IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech. 2, 194 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (2)

T. Nagatsuma, G. Ducournau, and C. C. Renaud, Nat. Photonics 10, 371 (2016).
[Crossref]

J. Y. Suen, J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves 37, 615 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (3)

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
[Crossref]

N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
[Crossref]

Y. Zhong, W. Streyer, K. Feng, A. J. Hoffman, and D. Wasserman, Opt. Express 23, A1418 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (2)

L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. A. Lewis, J. Phys. D. 47, 374001 (2014).
[Crossref]

2012 (3)

M. Mbonye, R. Mendis, and D. M. Mittleman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 111120 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

M. Scheller, Opt. Express 19, 10647 (2011).
[Crossref]

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

Y. Zeng, W. Hoyer, J. Liu, S. W. Koch, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. B 79, 235109 (2009).
[Crossref]

G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
[Crossref]

2007 (4)

M. W. Klein, M. Wegener, N.-A. Feth, and S. Linden, Opt. Express 15, 5238 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Naftaly and R. E. Miles, Proc. IEEE 95, 1658 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Tonouchi, Nat. Photonics 1, 97 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Mendis, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083115 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

M. M. Awad and R. A. Cheville, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 221107(2005).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

B. Ferguson and X. C. Zhang, Nat. Mater. 1, 26 (2002).
[Crossref]

1980 (1)

J. E. Sipe, V. C. Y. So, M. Fukui, and G. I. Stegeman, Phys. Rev. B 21, 4389 (1980).
[Crossref]

1972 (1)

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).
[Crossref]

Akozbek, N.

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

Awad, M. M.

M. M. Awad and R. A. Cheville, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 221107(2005).
[Crossref]

Bajwa, N.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Beere, H.

G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
[Crossref]

Beere, H. E.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

Beltram, F.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

Bennett, D. B.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Bloemer, M. J.

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

Brahm, A.

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
[Crossref]

Brown, E. R.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Cao, Q.

Centini, M.

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chatzakis, I.

L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
[Crossref]

Cheville, R. A.

M. M. Awad and R. A. Cheville, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 221107(2005).
[Crossref]

Christy, R. W.

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).
[Crossref]

Ciracì, C.

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
[Crossref]

Culjat, M. O.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Davies, A. G.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

De Ceglia, D.

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ducournau, G.

T. Nagatsuma, G. Ducournau, and C. C. Renaud, Nat. Photonics 10, 371 (2016).
[Crossref]

Ellenbogen, T.

S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
[Crossref]

N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
[Crossref]

Enkrich, C.

S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
[Crossref]

Faist, J.

G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fang, M.

M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, K. Niu, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, X. Wu, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Opt. Express 26, 14241 (2018).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, and X. Wu, IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech. 2, 194 (2017).
[Crossref]

Feng, K.

Ferguson, B.

B. Ferguson and X. C. Zhang, Nat. Mater. 1, 26 (2002).
[Crossref]

Feth, N.-A.

Fischer, M.

G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fleischer, S.

S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
[Crossref]

Fukui, M.

J. E. Sipe, V. C. Y. So, M. Fukui, and G. I. Stegeman, Phys. Rev. B 21, 4389 (1980).
[Crossref]

Gradziel, M.

W. Lanigan, J. A. Murphy, J. P. Loughran, C. O’sullivan, M. Gradziel, T. Ward, and K. Humphreys, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005), Vol. 1, pp. 1302–1305.
[Crossref]

Grundfest, W. S.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Guo, K.

Z. Guo, Z. Li, and K. Guo, Ann. Phys. 531, 1800470 (2019).
[Crossref]

Guo, Z.

Z. Guo, Z. Li, and K. Guo, Ann. Phys. 531, 1800470 (2019).
[Crossref]

Heinz, E.

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
[Crossref]

Hendler, N.

N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
[Crossref]

Hoffman, A. J.

Hoyer, W.

Y. Zeng, W. Hoyer, J. Liu, S. W. Koch, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. B 79, 235109 (2009).
[Crossref]

Huang, Z.

M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, K. Niu, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, X. Wu, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Opt. Express 26, 14241 (2018).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, and X. Wu, IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech. 2, 194 (2017).
[Crossref]

Hubschman, J.-P.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Humphreys, K.

W. Lanigan, J. A. Murphy, J. P. Loughran, C. O’sullivan, M. Gradziel, T. Ward, and K. Humphreys, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005), Vol. 1, pp. 1302–1305.
[Crossref]

Iotti, R. C.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

Johnson, P. B.

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).
[Crossref]

Kealey, C. P.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Keren-Zur, S.

S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
[Crossref]

N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
[Crossref]

Klein, M. W.

Klein, W.

S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
[Crossref]

Knipper, R.

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
[Crossref]

Koch, S. W.

Y. Zeng, W. Hoyer, J. Liu, S. W. Koch, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. B 79, 235109 (2009).
[Crossref]

Köhler, R.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

Koschny, T.

M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. Fang, K. Niu, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, X. Wu, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Opt. Express 26, 14241 (2018).
[Crossref]

L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
[Crossref]

Lanigan, W.

W. Lanigan, J. A. Murphy, J. P. Loughran, C. O’sullivan, M. Gradziel, T. Ward, and K. Humphreys, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005), Vol. 1, pp. 1302–1305.
[Crossref]

Lee, H.

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lewis, R. A.

R. A. Lewis, J. Phys. D. 47, 374001 (2014).
[Crossref]

Li, Z.

Z. Guo, Z. Li, and K. Guo, Ann. Phys. 531, 1800470 (2019).
[Crossref]

Linden, S.

Linfield, E. H.

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

Liu, J.

Y. Zeng, W. Hoyer, J. Liu, S. W. Koch, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. B 79, 235109 (2009).
[Crossref]

Loughran, J. P.

W. Lanigan, J. A. Murphy, J. P. Loughran, C. O’sullivan, M. Gradziel, T. Ward, and K. Humphreys, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005), Vol. 1, pp. 1302–1305.
[Crossref]

Luo, L.

L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
[Crossref]

Matthias, S. L.

S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
[Crossref]

May, T.

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
[Crossref]

Mbonye, M.

M. Mbonye, R. Mendis, and D. M. Mittleman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 111120 (2012).
[Crossref]

Mendis, R.

M. Mbonye, R. Mendis, and D. M. Mittleman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 111120 (2012).
[Crossref]

R. Mendis, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083115 (2007).
[Crossref]

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Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
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Zeng, Y.

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Ann. Phys. (1)

Z. Guo, Z. Li, and K. Guo, Ann. Phys. 531, 1800470 (2019).
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Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

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M. M. Awad and R. A. Cheville, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 221107(2005).
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IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech. (1)

M. Fang, Z. Huang, W. E. I. Sha, and X. Wu, IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech. 2, 194 (2017).
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. (2)

Z. D. Taylor, D. B. Bennett, W. S. Grundfest, M. O. Culjat, A. Stojadinovic, C. P. Kealey, H. Lee, N. Bajwa, R. S. Singh, P. Tewari, J.-P. Hubschman, and E. R. Brown, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 1, 201 (2011).
[Crossref]

R. Knipper, A. Brahm, E. Heinz, T. May, G. Notni, H. G. Meyer, A. Tunnermann, and J. Popp, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 5, 999 (2015).
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J. Appl. Phys. (1)

R. Mendis, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083115 (2007).
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J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves (1)

J. Y. Suen, J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves 37, 615 (2016).
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J. Phys. D. (1)

R. A. Lewis, J. Phys. D. 47, 374001 (2014).
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Laser Photonics Rev. (1)

G. Scalari, C. Walther, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and J. Faist, Laser Photonics Rev. 3, 45 (2009).
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Nat. Commun. (2)

L. Luo, I. Chatzakis, J. Wang, F. B. P. Niesler, M. Wegener, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Nat. Commun. 5, 3055 (2014).
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S. Keren-Zur, M. Tal, S. Fleischer, D. M. Mittleman, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1778 (2019).
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Nat. Mater. (1)

B. Ferguson and X. C. Zhang, Nat. Mater. 1, 26 (2002).
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Nat. Photonics (3)

M. Tonouchi, Nat. Photonics 1, 97 (2007).
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T. Nagatsuma, G. Ducournau, and C. C. Renaud, Nat. Photonics 10, 371 (2016).
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N. Segal, S. Keren-Zur, N. Hendler, and T. Ellenbogen, Nat. Photonics 9, 180 (2015).
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Opt. Express (4)

Phys. Rev. A (1)

M. Scalora, M. A. Vincenti, D. De Ceglia, V. Roppo, M. Centini, N. Akozbek, and M. J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. A 82, 1 (2010).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (5)

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
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P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).
[Crossref]

J. E. Sipe, V. C. Y. So, M. Fukui, and G. I. Stegeman, Phys. Rev. B 21, 4389 (1980).
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Y. Zeng, W. Hoyer, J. Liu, S. W. Koch, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. B 79, 235109 (2009).
[Crossref]

C. Ciracì, E. Poutrina, M. Scalora, and D. R. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 85, 201403 (2012).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

M. Fang, N. Shen, W. E. I. Sha, Z. Huang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 27401 (2019).
[Crossref]

Proc. IEEE (1)

M. Naftaly and R. E. Miles, Proc. IEEE 95, 1658 (2007).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

S. L. Matthias, W. Klein, C. Enkrich, and M. Wegener, Science 313, 502 (2006).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, 10th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings (2002), pp. 1–6.
[Crossref]

W. Lanigan, J. A. Murphy, J. P. Loughran, C. O’sullivan, M. Gradziel, T. Ward, and K. Humphreys, 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005), Vol. 1, pp. 1302–1305.
[Crossref]

D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 1998), p. 112–117.

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of the unit cell of the examined metasurface with a periodicity of 380 nm. The SRR’s thickness is 40 nm. (b) Calculated linear response spectrum when the metasurface is illuminated at normal incidence by an infrared laser pulse polarized along the x- direction. R, reflectance; T, transmittance; A, absorbance.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the studied nonlinear optical metasurface. The metasurface is illuminated at normal incidence by a femtosecond pump beam with frequency components ω 1 and ω 2 , which are within the pump bandwidth. The generated DFG signal at ω 3 = ω 1 − ω 2 is studied in reflection. The spatial distribution of the (b) linear and (c) nonlinear surface currents.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Normalized power spectral amplitudes of the THz emission measured in the far field, generated by Gaussian pump pulses of various durations. (b) Dependence of the FWHM and peak intensity of the DFG delivered power of the metasurface versus the pulse duration of the pump pulse. The width of the generated pulses shows a nonlinear behavior that is proportional to 1 / τ , as the time–bandwidth product states.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Geometrical illustration of the THz NLMS activated PPWG, consisting of N periods of flipping SRRs. (b) Radiated field from two inverted SRRs. The two different orientations of the meta-atoms are illustrated in the insets of (c) and (d), leading to the excitation of diverse modes. Theoretical predictions (dashed lines) are also displayed and match perfectly with the simulations, for a constant periodicity Λ = 157     μm . T is defined as the ratio of the normal Poynting vector P in the output and the generated THz power in the input. Both excitations share the same colormap.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Transmitted energy of TM excited modes for two different incident pump pulses. By tuning the shape of the pump, we can continuously control the emission profile into the modes of interest.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

∂ v ∂ t + ( v · ∇ ) v + γ v = e m e * ( E + v × B ) − β 2 n ∇ n ,
P NL = − ( n 0 e ( Ω 1 + Ω 2 * ) ) − 1 [ ( Ω 1 ∇ · P 2 * ) P 1 + ( Ω 2 ∇ · P 1 ) P 2 * − ω 1 ω 2 ( ( P 1 · ∇ ) P 2 * + ( P 2 * · ∇ ) P 1 ) ] ,
K NL = i n o e ( ω gen + i γ ) ( t ^ ( Ω 1 P 2 ⊥ P 1 ∥ + Ω 2 P 1 ⊥ P 2 ∥ ) + n ^ 2 ( Ω 1 + Ω 2 − 2 ω 1 ω 2 ) P 1 ⊥ P 2 ⊥ ) .
k → 1 − k → 2 + G → = k → THz ,
k 1 x − k 2 x + 2 π n Λ = k THz , x ( n ) ,
2 π Λ = k PPWG = k o 1 − ( m c 2 s f ) 2 ,

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