Experimental quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources and projective measurements

Jian-Rong Zhu; Wen-Zhe Wu; Liang Ji; Chun-Mei Zhang; Qin Wang

doi:10.1364/OL.44.005703

Optics Letters
Vol. 44,
Issue 23,
pp. 5703-5706
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.005703

Experimental quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources and projective measurements

Jian-Rong Zhu, Wen-Zhe Wu, Liang Ji, Chun-Mei Zhang, and Qin Wang

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Jian-Rong Zhu, Wen-Zhe Wu, Liang Ji, Chun-Mei Zhang, and Qin Wang, "Experimental quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources and projective measurements," Opt. Lett. 44, 5703-5706 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Quantum Optics and Quantum Communication
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 9, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: October 25, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: October 28, 2019
- Published: November 22, 2019

Abstract

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) can offer information-theoretic secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. However, the vast majority of practical QKD implementations assume the perfect state preparation to ensure security, which is a demanding requirement with current technology. Here, by incorporating the mismatched-basis data, we report an experimental decoy-state QKD demonstration with uncharacterized encoding sources, which only requires that the encoding states are two-dimensional. Furthermore, the measurement operation of the receiver is loosened to be projective measurements. With a rigorous statistical fluctuation analysis, we can distribute secret keys when the transmission distances of the standard fiber link are 101 and 202 km. Our experimental demonstration represents a significant step toward realizing long-distance quantum communication, even with uncharacterized sources and projective measurements.

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$p {(0 \| 0)}^{L}$	$5.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(0 \| 0)}^{U}$	$5.800 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(1 \| 0)}^{L}$	$4.444 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(1 \| 0)}^{U}$	$8.504 \times 10^{- 6}$
$p {(2 \| 0)}^{L}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(2 \| 0)}^{U}$	$3.400 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(0 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.842 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(0 \| 1)}^{U}$	$8.447 \times 10^{- 6}$
$p {(1 \| 1)}^{L}$	$5.500 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(1 \| 1)}^{U}$	$6.200 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(2 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(2 \| 1)}^{U}$	$3.400 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(0 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.300 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(0 \| 3)}^{U}$	$2.700 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(1 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.600 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(1 \| 3)}^{U}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(2 \| 3)}^{L}$	$1.469 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(2 \| 3)}^{U}$	$4.732 \times 10^{- 6}$

$p {(0 \| 0)}^{L}$	$7.536 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(0 \| 0)}^{U}$	$9.549 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(1 \| 0)}^{L}$	0	$p {(1 \| 0)}^{U}$	$3.111 \times 10^{- 7}$
$p {(2 \| 0)}^{L}$	$3.339 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(2 \| 0)}^{U}$	$4.483 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(0 \| 1)}^{L}$	0	$p {(0 \| 1)}^{U}$	$4.015 \times 10^{- 7}$
$p {(1 \| 1)}^{L}$	$7.387 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(1 \| 1)}^{U}$	$9.017 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(2 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.528 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(2 \| 1)}^{U}$	$4.754 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(0 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.156 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(0 \| 3)}^{U}$	$3.429 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(1 \| 3)}^{L}$	$3.014 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(1 \| 3)}^{U}$	$4.225 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(2 \| 3)}^{L}$	0	$p {(2 \| 3)}^{U}$	$2.681 \times 10^{- 7}$

Distance (km)	$M_{μ}^{Z}$	$E_{μ}^{Z}$	$M_{1}^{Z, L}$	$e_{1}^{Z, U}$	Secret Key Rate (bit per second)
101	$6.49 \times 10^{7}$	$1.21 \times 10^{- 3}$	$2.81 \times 10^{7}$	$5.99 \times 10^{- 2}$	$8.94 \times 10^{3}$
202	$8.90 \times 10^{5}$	$1.54 \times 10^{- 3}$	$3.96 \times 10^{5}$	$1.86 \times 10^{- 1}$	$5.23 \times 10^{1}$

$p {(0 \| 0)}^{L}$	$5.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(0 \| 0)}^{U}$	$5.800 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(1 \| 0)}^{L}$	$4.444 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(1 \| 0)}^{U}$	$8.504 \times 10^{- 6}$
$p {(2 \| 0)}^{L}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(2 \| 0)}^{U}$	$3.400 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(0 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.842 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(0 \| 1)}^{U}$	$8.447 \times 10^{- 6}$
$p {(1 \| 1)}^{L}$	$5.500 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(1 \| 1)}^{U}$	$6.200 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(2 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(2 \| 1)}^{U}$	$3.400 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(0 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.300 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(0 \| 3)}^{U}$	$2.700 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(1 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.600 \times 10^{- 3}$	$p {(1 \| 3)}^{U}$	$3.000 \times 10^{- 3}$
$p {(2 \| 3)}^{L}$	$1.469 \times 10^{- 6}$	$p {(2 \| 3)}^{U}$	$4.732 \times 10^{- 6}$

$p {(0 \| 0)}^{L}$	$7.536 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(0 \| 0)}^{U}$	$9.549 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(1 \| 0)}^{L}$	0	$p {(1 \| 0)}^{U}$	$3.111 \times 10^{- 7}$
$p {(2 \| 0)}^{L}$	$3.339 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(2 \| 0)}^{U}$	$4.483 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(0 \| 1)}^{L}$	0	$p {(0 \| 1)}^{U}$	$4.015 \times 10^{- 7}$
$p {(1 \| 1)}^{L}$	$7.387 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(1 \| 1)}^{U}$	$9.017 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(2 \| 1)}^{L}$	$3.528 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(2 \| 1)}^{U}$	$4.754 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(0 \| 3)}^{L}$	$2.156 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(0 \| 3)}^{U}$	$3.429 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(1 \| 3)}^{L}$	$3.014 \times 10^{- 5}$	$p {(1 \| 3)}^{U}$	$4.225 \times 10^{- 5}$
$p {(2 \| 3)}^{L}$	0	$p {(2 \| 3)}^{U}$	$2.681 \times 10^{- 7}$

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Equations (6)

Optics Letters