Abstract

We analyze experimentally and theoretically the chaotic dynamics generated by a laser diode subjected to phase-conjugate feedback. Phase conjugation is obtained from four-wave mixing in a ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3$ photorefractive crystal. We demonstrate that the chaos bandwidth first increases linearly with feedback ratio but then saturates to relatively high values. With a single optical feedback, a chaos bandwidth up to about 18 GHz is achieved, which is about five times as large as the free-running laser diode relaxation oscillation frequency. Numerical simulations confirm our experimental observations and unveil that the finite depth penetration into the crystal is responsible for the observed saturation.

© 2019 Optical Society of America

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