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Abstract
Surface channel waveguides (WGs) based on a half-ring (40–60-µm-diameter) depressed-index cladding (type III) geometry are fabricated in monoclinic ${{\text{Tm}}^{3 +}}\!:\!{\text{MgWO}}_4$ by femtosecond (fs) laser writing at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The WGs are characterized by confocal laser microscopy and $ \mu $-Raman spectroscopy. A ${{\text{Tm}}^{3 +}}\!:\!{\text{MgWO}}_4$ WG laser generates 320 mW at $\sim{2.02}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\text{m}}$ with a slope efficiency of 64.4%. The WG emits a transverse single-mode and linear polarization ($E||{N_m}$). A remarkable low loss of $\lt0.1\;{\text{dB}}/{\text{cm}}$ is measured for the WG. Vibronic laser emission at $\sim{2.08}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\text{m}}$ is also achieved.
© 2020 Optical Society of America
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