Abstract
The creation of ultraviolet optical vortex beams with the topological charge of $ \vert l \vert = 1 $ at the wavelength of 325 nm was demonstrated from a He–Cd metal vapor laser with a spot defect mirror. The measured $ {{\rm M}^2} $ factor was close to the theoretical value of two of the $ {{\rm LG}_{01}} $ Laguerre–Gaussian mode. Some interference experiments showed that the obtained vortex beams were stable enough for practical applications such as holographic lithography.
© 2020 Optical Society of America
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