Abstract
The thin-film lithium niobate structure has been used recently to construct compact and high-performance electro-optical modulators. Due to the moderate electro-optical coefficient of the lithium niobate material, the device length of such a modulator is still long, a few centimeters usually. Here, a folded Mach–Zehnder interferometer based modulator on $x$-cut thin-film lithium niobate is demonstrated. An effective poling procedure is developed to activate the device. The proposed modulator structure can shorten the device length without affecting its performance. The measured ${V_\pi}L$ product of a fabricated and completely poled folded modulator is about ${2}{.74\,\,\rm V} \cdot {\rm cm}$, and the 3 dB electro-optical bandwidth is about 55 GHz. They are close to those of a conventional Mach–Zehnder modulator with a straight modulation section.
© 2021 Optical Society of America
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